Network Coding Based Mesh-Under Routing In 6LoWPAN with High End-to-End Packet Delivery Rate

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Chi ◽  
Yi-Hua Zhu ◽  
Zhen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End

Catechize Global Optimization through Leading Edge Firefly Based Zone Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sherin Zafar ◽  
Usha Batra
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Background: Zone Routing Protocol is evolving as an efficient hybrid routing protocol with an extremely high potentiality owing to the integration of two radically different schemes, proactive and reactive in such a way that a balance between control overhead and latency is achieved. Its performance is impacted by various network conditions such as zone radius, network size, mobility, etc. Objective: The research work described in this paper focuses on improving the performance of zone routing protocol by reducing the amount of reactive traffic which is primarily responsible for degraded network performance in case of large networks. The usage of route aggregation approach helps in reducing the routing overhead and also help achieve performance optimization. Methods: The performance of proposed protocol is assessed under varying node size and mobility. Further applied is the firefly algorithm which aims to achieve global optimization that is quite difficult to achieve due to non-linearity of functions and multimodality of algorithms. For performance evaluation a set of benchmark functions are being adopted like, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay to validate the proposed approach. Results: Simulation results depict better performance of leading edge firefly algorithm when compared to zone routing protocol and route aggregation based zone routing protocol. The proposed leading edge FRA-ZRP approach shows major improvement between ZRP and FRA-ZRP in Packet Delivery Ratio. FRA-ZRP outperforms traditional ZRP and RA-ZRP even in terms of End to End Delay by reducing the delay and gaining a substantial QOS improvement. Conclusion: The achievement of proposed approach can be credited to the formation on zone head and attainment of route from the head hence reduced queuing of data packets due to control packets, by adopting FRA-ZRP approach. The routing optimized zone routing protocol using Route aggregation approach and FRA augments the QoS, which is the most crucial parameter for routing performance enhancement of MANET.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja GPSR dan AODV pada VANET dengan Skema Pengimbangan Beban Trafik

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
RENDI DIAN PRASETIA ◽  
DOAN PERDANA ◽  
RIDHA MULDINA NEGARA
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

ABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan di kota-kota besar adalah kemacetan lalu lintas yang disebabkan karena tidak mencukupinya ruas jalan, volume kendaraan yang begitu besar, persebaran kendaraan yang tidak merata dan lain-lain. Salah satu solusinya adalah para pengendara dapat menggunakan aplikasi peta digital pada smartphone-nya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai kinerja VANET yang menggunakan protokol routing GPSR dan AODV dengan skema pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan dengan pengaruh kepadatan node. Perancangan sistem simulasi terbagi menjadi dua subsistem yaitu subsistem mobilitas dan jaringan. Kemudian dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan, dan kinerja VANET akan diamati. Performansi dievaluasi dengan average end to end delay, throughput, dan packet delivery ratio. Nilai rata-rata throughput, PDR, delay untuk GPSR adalah 142.21 Kbps, 87.47 %, dan 82.83 ms. Sedangkan AODV adalah 119.81 Kbps, 86.67 %, dan 103.21 ms. Dari hasil penelitian nilai QoS performansi dari routing protocol GPSR lebih baik dari pada AODV pada VANET.Kata kunci: Vanet, Pengimbangan Beban, GPSR, AODV.ABSTRACTOne of the problems in big cities is congestion. The congestion is caused byinsufficient road segment, large volume of vehicles, unbalanced spread ofvehicles and others. One solution is that riders can use digital map applications on their smartphones. Therefore it is necessary to balancing the traffic load of vehicles. In this research will be discussed about VANET performance using GPSR and AODV routing protocol with vehicle traffic load balancing scheme with node density influence. The design of the simulation system is divided into two subsystems namely mobility and network subsystem. Then balancing the vehicle traffic load, and VANET performance will be observed. Performance is evaluated with the average end to end delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The mean value of throughput, PDR, delay for GPSR respectively 142.21 Kbps, 87.47%, and 82.83 ms. While AODV is 119.81 Kbps, 86.67%, and 103.21 ms. From the simulation results can be concluded that the performance of GPSR is better than AODV on VANET. Keywords: Vanet, Load Balancing, GPSR, AODV.

scholarly journals Fuzzy and Position Particle Swarm Optimized Routing in VANET

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Viswanathan Ramasamy ◽  
Jagatheswari Srirangan ◽  
Praveen Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Technique

In Intelligent Transport Systems, traffic management and providing stable routing paths between vehicles using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET's) is critical. Lots of research and several routing techniques providing a long path lifetime have been presented to resolve this issue. However, the routing algorithms suffer excessive overhead or collisions when solving complex optimization problems. In order to improve the routing efficiency and performance in the existing schemes, a Position Particle Swarm Optimization based on Fuzzy Logic (PPSO-FL) method is presented for VANET that provides a high-quality path for communication between nodes. The PPSO-FL has two main steps. The first step is selecting candidate nodes through collectively coordinated metrics using the fuzzy logic technique, improving packet delivery fraction, and minimizing end-to-end delay. The second step is the construction of an optimized routing model. The optimized routing model establishes an optimal route through the candidate nodes using position-based particle swarm optimization. The proposed work is simulated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate that the method outperforms the standard routing algorithms in packet delivery fraction, end-to-end delay and execution time for routing in VANET scenarios.

scholarly journals End-To-End Delay Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Shweta K. Kanhere ◽  
Mahesh Goudar ◽  
Vijay M. Wadhai
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Central System ◽  
Neighboring Node ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End

In this paper, we are interested in optimizing the delay of event-driven wireless sensor networks, for which events does not occur frequently. In such systems, most of the energy is consumed when the radios are on, waiting for an arrival to occur. Sleep-wake scheduling is an effective mechanism to prolong the lifetime of this energy constrained wireless sensor networks by optimization of the delay in the network but this scheme could result in substantial delays because a transmitting node needs to wait for its next-hop relay node to wake up. An attempt has been made to reduce these delays by developing new method of packet forwarding schemes, where each nod opportunistically forwards a packet to the its neighboring node that wakes up among multiple candidate nodes. In this paper, the focus is to study how to optimize the packet forwarding schemes by optimization of the expected packet-delivery delays from the sensor nodes to the sink. Based on optimized delay scheme result, we then provide a solution to the central system about how to optimally control the system parameters of the sleep-wake scheduling protocol and the packet forwarding protocol to maximize the network lifetime, subject to a constraint on the expected end-to-end packet delivery delay. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed solution can outperform prior heuristic solutions in the literature, especially under the practical scenarios where there are obstructions, e.g., a lake or a mountain, in the area of wireless sensor networks.

Secure Buffer-Based Routing Protocol for WMN

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Rathee ◽  
Hemraj Saini
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Network Metrics

Secure routing is considered as one of a key challenge in mesh networks because of its dynamic and broadcasting nature. The broadcasting nature of mesh environment invites number of security vulnerabilities to come and affect the network metrics drastically. Further, any node/link failure of a routed path may reduce the performance of the entire network. A number of secure routing protocols have been proposed by different researchers but enhancement of a single network parameter (i.e. security) may affect another performance metrics significantly i.e. throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio etc. In order to ensure secure routing with improved network metrics, a Secure Buffer based Routing Protocol i.e. SBRP is proposed which ensures better network performance with increased level of security. SBRP protocol uses buffers at alternate positions to fasten re-routing mechanism during node/link failure and ensures the security using AES encryption. Further the protocol is analyzed against mAODV protocol in both static and dynamic environment in terms of security, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and network throughput.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of packet delivery rate in LTE-V network based on Markov chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367
Author(s):  
Mengkai Shi ◽  
Yaohan Tang ◽  
Xiangyun Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Packet Delivery
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