The Changing World and the Adapting Machine - How Digital Transformation Changes Requirements Engineering in the Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Industry

The world is increasingly interconnected, and this can also be seen in industry, where an ecosystem of digitalized assets, and humans with appropriate digital interfaces, constantly interact with each other. Digital transformation efforts in the industry rely on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems that are driven by service-based cooperation among humans and digitalized industrial assets. This implies a radical paradigm change in their engineering and operation, which is focused on the symbiosis of digitalized assets and humans that cohabit a collaboration-driven industrial ecosystem. This work discusses how a digital transformation can effectively be achieved in an industrial ecosystem via a digitalization process performed along the three dimensions of the Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0, facilitated by the specification, development and implementation of an Asset Administration Shell. The discussion focus is put on humans and how the digitally transformed industrial environments empower her/his capabilities and interactions. It is also critically pointed out how one should go beyond technology and consider additional aspects. Therefore, it is argued that human-centred efforts in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) should be seen in the larger context of sustainability and circular economy in order to properly consider the interplay of the involved socio-technical dimensions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.

Download Full-text

Towards Scenario-Based Security Requirements Engineering for Cyber-Physical Systems

Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-04771-9_48 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 633-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thorsten Koch

Keyword(s):

Requirements Engineering ◽

Cyber Physical Systems ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Security Requirements Engineering

Download Full-text

An Effective Security Requirements Engineering Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems

Technologies ◽

10.3390/technologies6030065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shafiq Rehman ◽

Volker Gruhn

Keyword(s):

Requirements Engineering ◽

Research Direction ◽

Cyber Physical Systems ◽

Third Party ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Requirements Evolution ◽

Security Requirements Engineering ◽

Secure Software Engineering ◽

Network Channel

Context and motivation: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are gaining priority over other systems. The heterogeneity of these systems increases the importance of security. Both the developer and the requirement analyst must consider details of not only the software, but also the hardware perspective, including sensor and network security. Several models for secure software engineering processes have been proposed, but they are limited to software; therefore, to support the processes of security requirements, we need a security requirements framework for CPSs. Question/Problem: Do existing security requirements frameworks fulfil the needs of CPS security requirements? The answer is no; existing security requirements frameworks fail to accommodate security concerns outside of software boundaries. Little or even no attention has been given to sensor, hardware, network, and third party elements during security requirements engineering in different existing frameworks. Principal Ideas/results: We have proposed, applied, and assessed an incremental security requirements evolution approach, which configures the heterogeneous nature of components and their threats in order to generate a secure system. Contribution: The most significant contribution of this paper is to propose a security requirements engineering framework for CPSs that overcomes the issue of security requirements elicitation for heterogeneous CPS components. The proposed framework supports the elicitation of security requirements while considering sensor, receiver protocol, network channel issues, along with software aspects. Furthermore, the proposed CPS framework has been evaluated through a case study, and the results are shown in this paper. The results would provide great support in this research direction.

Download Full-text