Agent-Based Approach to Free-Flight Planning, Control, and Simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Pechoucek ◽  
David Sislak
Keyword(s):  
Free Flight ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Flight Planning

scholarly journals A Discrete-Continuous Algorithm for Free Flight Planning

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ralf Borndörfer ◽  
Fabian Danecker ◽  
Martin Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Newton Method ◽  
Continuous Optimization ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Flight Planning ◽  
Discrete Approach ◽  
Enhanced Resolution

We propose a hybrid discrete-continuous algorithm for flight planning in free flight airspaces. In a first step, our discrete-continuous optimization for enhanced resolution (DisCOptER) method computes a globally optimal approximate flight path on a discretization of the problem using the A* method. This route initializes a Newton method that converges rapidly to the smooth optimum in a second step. The correctness, accuracy, and complexity of the method are governed by the choice of the crossover point that determines the coarseness of the discretization. We analyze the optimal choice of the crossover point and demonstrate the asymtotic superority of DisCOptER over a purely discrete approach.

Agent-based flight planning system for enhancing the competitiveness of the air cargo industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 11325-11334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Kong Chan ◽  
Harry K.H. Chow ◽  
Sunny K.P. So ◽  
Henry C.B. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Planning System ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Flight Planning

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

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