Development of 3-Dimentional Micro Probe using X-Ray Lithography and High-Strength Electroformed Ni

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei Kimura ◽  
Tomohiro Ishida ◽  
Hajime Fukinbara ◽  
Naoki Arita ◽  
Tadashi Hattori
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Enhanced Water Resistance of Recycled Newspaper/High Density Polyethylene Composite Laminates via Hydrophobic Modification of Newspaper Laminas

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Binwei Zheng ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Litao Guan ◽  
Jin Gu ◽  
Dengyun Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray

A high strength recycled newspaper (NP)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) laminated composite was developed using NP laminas as reinforcement and HDPE film as matrix. Herein, NP fiber was modified with stearic acid (SA) to enhance the water resistance of the NP laminas and NP/HDPE composite. The effects of heat treatment and SA concentration on the water resistance and tensile property of NP and composite samples were investigated. The chemical structure of the NP was characterized with X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra techniques. The surface and microstructure of the NP sheets were observed by scanning electron microscopy. An expected high-water resistance of NP sheets was achieved due to a chemical bonding that low surface energy SA were grafted onto the modified NP fibers. Results showed that the hydrophobicity of NP increased with increasing the stearic acid concentration. The water resistance of the composite laminates was depended on the hydrophobicity of the NP sheets. The lowest value of 2 h water absorption rate (3.3% ± 0.3%) and thickness swelling rate (2.2% ± 0.4%) of composite were obtained when the SA concentration was 0.15 M. In addition, the introduction of SA can not only enhance the water resistance of the composite laminates, but also reduce the loss of tensile strength in wet conditions, which shows potential in outdoor applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Porous ZrO2-Y2O3-TiO2 Ceramics Prepared by Coprecipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1387-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan M. Medeiros ◽  
Fernando S. Silva ◽  
Juliana Marchi ◽  
Walter Kenji Yoshito ◽  
Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Pore Former ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Pressed

Zirconium dioxide (zirconia) ceramics are known by its high strength and toughness and titanium dioxide (titania) ceramics has outstanding surface properties. The ceramic composite formed between the two oxides are expected to have advantages of both ceramics, especially when its surface area is increased by pores. In this work, ceramic composites of ZrO2-Y2O3-TiO2were synthesized by coprecipitation and rice starch was added as pore former in 10, 20 and 30 wt%. Powders were cold pressed as cylindrical pellets and sintered at 1500 °C for 01 hour and ceramics were characterized by techniques as Archimedes method for density measurements, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that pores are inhomogeneously distributed through ceramic bodies.

scholarly journals Preparation of basalt-based glass ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Matovic ◽  
Snezana Boskovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials

Local and conventional raw materials?massive basalt from the Vrelo locality on Kopaonik mountain?have been used as starting materials to test their suitability for the production of glass-ceramics. Crystallization phenomena of glasses of the fused basalt rocks were studied by X-ray phase analysis optical microscopy and other techniques. Various heat treatments were used and their influences, on controlling the microstructures and properties of the products were studied with the aim of developing high strength glass-ceramic materials. Diopside CaMg(SiO3)2 and hypersthene ((Mg,Fe)SiO3) were identifies as the crystalline phases. The final products contained considerable amounts of a glassy phase. The crystalline size was in range of 8?480 ?m with plate or needle shape. Microhardness, crashing strength and wears resistence of the glass-ceramics ranged from 6.5?7.5, from 2000?6300 kg/cm2 and from 0.1?0.2 g/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Locally Available Wheat Straw Ash in Developing High Strength Concrete

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Armaghan Siffat ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Afaq Ahmad ◽  
Khalil Ur Rehman ◽  
Fawad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Straw Ash

This study is supervised to assess the characteristics of the locally available wheat straw ash (WSA) to consume as a substitute to the cement and support in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. Initially, after incineration at optimum temperature of 800°C for 0.5, the ash of wheat straw was made up to the desirable level of fineness by passing through it to the several grinding cycles. Subsequently, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing conducted on ash of wheat straw for the evaluation its pozzolanic potential. Finally, the specimens of concrete were made by consuming 10% and 20% percentages of wheat straw ash as a replacement in concrete to conclude its impact on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The cylinders of steel of dimensions 10cm diameter x 20cm depth were acquired to evaluate the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The relative outcomes of cylinders made of wheat straw ash substitution presented the slight increase in strength values of the concrete. Ultimately, the C-100 blends and WSA aided cement blends were inspected for the rheology of WSA through FTIR spectroscopy along with Thermogravimetric technique. The conclusions authenticate the WSA potential to replace cement in the manufacturing of the high strength concrete.

Investigation of Amorphous/Crystalline State in Cu-Hf-Al Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
E. Nagy ◽  
Viktória Rontó ◽  
Jenő Sólyom ◽  
András Roósz
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Important Purpose

Cu-Hf-Al alloys are considered to be relatively new ones among Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys. Cu-Hf-Al alloys have high strength in amorphous state and this property makes many applications feasible for the industry. During the production of amorphous alloys the most important purpose is to produce them in the biggest diameter to make them suitable for a wide range of applications. The circumstances of the production process have a great influence on the developing structure. In the present work solidification of Cu-Hf-Al alloys were investigated. The alloys were cast into different shapes with different Al contents with special regard to the appearance of the amorphous/crystalline structure. The appearance and the structure of crystalline phases were determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray, DSC and metallographic measurements were used to investigate the developing structure.

The influence of Ni on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of high-strength low alloy steel in the Cl-containing environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Qingdong Zhong ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Shujian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray

Purpose This paper aims to search the optimum content of Ni on the microstructure, phase and electrochemical behavior of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steel in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-containing HSLA steel in the simulated marine environment was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical techniques. Findings The sample containing 3.55 wt.% of nickel exhibited a finer grain size of 10 μm and a lower icorr of 2.169 µA cm−2. The XRD patterns showed that the Fe-Cr-Ni solid solution, FeC and Cr3C2 were observed in samples when Ni was added. Besides, the 3.55 wt.% of nickel addition enhanced the charge transfer resistance of the low alloy steel which suggested the sample possessed excellent inhibition of electrochemical reaction and corrosion resistance. The XPS spectrum suggested that nickel was beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance of steel by forming protective oxides, and the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ in protective oxides was increased. Practical implications Finding the comprehensive performance of HSLA steel which can be applied to unmanned surface vehicles in marine operations. Originality/value This study has a guiding significance for optimizing the composition of HSLA steel in a Cl- containing environment.

Study on Linear Segregation of ZL205A Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Wu Hu ◽  
Ke Zhu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Wei Dong Huang ◽  
Jian Min Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Cracks ◽  
Zl205a Alloy ◽  
Solidification Speed ◽  
Scanning Electron

Linear segregation of high strength aluminum alloy ZL205A castings were studied by X-ray Nondestructive testing, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. It is found that the linear segregation occurs at the large wall thickness of the casting and/or at the place where the wall thickness is in transition. Segregation element is mainly Cu, which exists as compound θ (Al2Cu) phase. The formation of linear segregation is related to the flow of Cu-rich melt in the late solidification period, while the occurrence of thermal cracks promotes the formation of linear segregation. The formation of linear segregation of the casting can be effectively prevented by eliminating hot spots of the casting, refining crystal grains and increasing solidification speed of the casting.

scholarly journals Characterising the Microstructure of an Additively Built Al-Cu-Li Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5188
Author(s):  
Iris Raffeis ◽  
Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh ◽  
Uwe Vroomen ◽  
Silvia Richter ◽  
Andreas Bührig-Polaczek
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Multi Phase

Al-Cu-Li alloys are famous for their high strength, ductility and weight-saving properties, and have for many years been the aerospace alloy of choice. Depending on the alloy composition, this multi-phase system may give rise to several phases, including the major strengthening T1 (Al2CuLi) phase. Microstructure investigations have extensively been reported for conventionally processed alloys with little focus on their Additive Manufacturing (AM) characterised microstructures. In this work, the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) built microstructures of an AA2099 Al-Cu-Li alloy are characterised in the as-built (no preheating) and preheat-treated (320 °C, 500 °C) conditions using various analytical techniques, including Synchrotron High-Energy X-ray Diffraction (S-HEXRD). The observed dislocations in the AM as-built condition with no detected T1 precipitates confirm the conventional view of the difficulty of T1 to nucleate on dislocations without appropriate heat treatments. Two main phases, T1 (Al2CuLi) and TB (Al7.5Cu4Li), were detected using S-HEXRD at both preheat-treated temperatures. Higher volume fraction of T1 measured in the 500 °C (75.2 HV0.1) sample resulted in a higher microhardness compared to the 320 °C (58.7 HV0.1) sample. Higher TB volume fraction measured in the 320 °C sample had a minimal strength effect.

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