The brain mapping of emotion in human faces: Clinical aplication in epilepsy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Leal ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Patricia Arriaga ◽  
Francisco Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
The Brain

Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferath Kherif ◽  
Sandrine Muller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bow Tie

In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.

Neuroimaging in dementia and depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Brien ◽  
Bob Barber
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Neuroimaging is traditionally divided into structural and functional imaging. Structural imaging looks at brain structure or anatomy and includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional techniques seek to examine the physiological functioning of the brain, either at rest or during activation, and include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), MRI spectroscopy, functional MRI (fMRI) and encephalographic brain mapping. Although fMRI, MRI spectroscopy and brain mapping are likely to have clinical applications in the near future, the main imaging modalities of current clinical relevance to psychiatrists are CT, MRI and SPECT, which will be the focus of this article.

Plastic Maps: The New Brain Cartographies of the 21th-Century Neurosciences

Nuncius ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-500
Author(s):  
Carmela Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
New Models ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

Ever since the phrenological heads of the early 19th century, maps have translated into images our ideas, theories and models of the brain, making this organ at one and the same time scientific object and representation. Brain maps have always served as gateways for navigating and visualizing neuroscientific knowledge, and over time many different maps have been produced – firstly as tools to “read” and analyse the cerebral territory, then as instruments to produce new models of the brain. Over the last 150 years brain cartography has evolved from a way of identifying brain regions and localizing them for clinical use to an anatomical framework onto which information about local properties and functions can be integrated to provide a view of the brain’s structural and functional architecture. In this paper a historical and epistemological consideration of the topic is offered as a contribution to the understanding of contemporary brain mapping, based on the assumption that the brain continuously rewires itself in relation to individual experience.

scholarly journals Multispectral molecular imaging of capillary endothelium to facilitate preoperative endovascular brain mapping

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles Manning ◽  
Sheila D. Shay ◽  
Robert A. Mericle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
The Brain

Object Brain mapping aims to localize neurological function to specific regions of the human brain. Preoperative endovascular brain mapping (PEBM) is a novel approach that allows clear visualization of nonfunctional (silent) brain parenchyma in real time during a resection. It has potential to improve neurosurgical guidance because brain shift does not alter the maps, and the map is visualized directly on the brain in situ rather than on a nearby image. Therefore, the risk of a new neurological deficit should be reduced. The authors report the first PEBM approach that combines selective molecular targeting of brain endothelium with multispectral (optical) imaging in preclinical animal models. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits were selectively catheterized, and a fluorescein isothiocyanate–derivatized tomato lectin–based imaging probe was administered into the carotid artery or posterior cerebral artery, measuring < 500 μm in diameter. After binding/uptake of the imaging probe, and removal of unbound probe, a craniotomy was performed to directly visualize the “brain map.” Results Selective localization of the imaging probe to the right hemisphere in rats or right posterior cerebral artery in rabbits was clearly visualized after craniotomy. Cross-sections of stained capillaries demonstrated that the imaging probe did not cause vascular occlusion. Gross regional selectivity of the imaging probe was documented by multispectral molecular imaging of intact brains, with discrete localization and endothelium-directed targeting validated by histological examination. Conclusions The authors have demonstrated the first molecular endothelium-targeted approach to PEBM that does not require manipulation of the intact blood-brain barrier or result in vascular occlusion. Furthermore, the presented multispectral molecular imaging technique appears to be a suitable methodology for the generation of region-selective brain maps of vascularized brain parenchyma. Further refinement of the PEBM approach, as well as the development of improved imaging probes, may result in clinical advancement of PEBM where direct visual discrimination of nonfunctional silent brain parenchyma at the time of resection could significantly improve neurosurgical outcomes.

Intractable Epilepsy and Structural Lesions of the Brain: Mapping, Resection Strategies, and Seizure Outcome

Epilepsia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam A. Awad ◽  
Jeffrey Rosenfeld ◽  
Jennifer Ahl ◽  
Joseph F. Hahn ◽  
Hans Lüders
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Electroencephalogram Brain Mapping for revealing the emotional changes over the brain regions using Entropy biomarker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Mohannad Sabir ◽  
Sawal Ali ◽  
Siti Anom Ahmad ◽  
Karl Grammer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Smell what you hardly see: Odors assist categorization in the human visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Rekow ◽  
Jean-Yves Baudouin ◽  
Karine Durand ◽  
Arnaud Leleu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Visual Categorization ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Scalp Electroencephalogram ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
The Brain

Visual categorization is the brain ability to rapidly and automatically respond to widely variable visual inputs in a category-selective manner (i.e., distinct responses between categories and similar responses within categories). Whether category-selective neural responses are purely visual or can be influenced by other sensory modalities remains unclear. Here, we test whether odors modulate visual categorization, expecting that odors facilitate the neural categorization of congruent visual objects, especially when the visual category is ambiguous. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while natural images depicting various objects were displayed in rapid 12-Hz streams (i.e., 12 images / second) and variable exemplars of a target category (either human faces, cars, or facelike objects in dedicated sequences) were interleaved every 9th stimulus to tag category-selective responses at 12/9 = 1.33 Hz in the EEG frequency spectrum. During visual stimulation, participants (N = 26) were implicitly exposed to odor contexts (either body, gasoline or baseline odors) and performed an orthogonal cross-detection task. We identify clear category-selective responses to every category over the occipito-temporal cortex, with the largest response for human faces and the lowest for facelike objects. Critically, body odor boosts the response to the ambiguous facelike objects (i.e., either perceived as nonface objects or faces) over the right hemisphere, especially for participants reporting their presence post-stimulation. By contrast, odors do not significantly modulate other category-selective responses, nor the general visual response recorded at 12 Hz, revealing a specific influence on the categorization of congruent ambiguous stimuli. Overall, these findings support the view that the brain actively uses cues from the different senses to readily categorize visual inputs, and that olfaction, which is generally considered as poorly functional in humans, is well placed to disambiguate visual information.

scholarly journals Seeking the “beauty center” in the brain: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies of beautiful human faces and visual art

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Peng Hu ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
Jie Sui
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Conjunction Analysis ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe existence of a common beauty is a long-standing debate in philosophy and related disciplines. In the last two decades, cognitive neuroscientists have sought to elucidate this issue by exploring the common neural basis of the experience of beauty. Still, empirical evidence for such common neural basis of different forms of beauty is not conclusive. To address this question, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on the existing neuroimaging studies of beauty appreciation of faces and visual art by non-expert adults (49 studies, 982 participants, meta-data are available at https://osf.io/s9xds/). We observed that perceiving these two forms of beauty activated distinct brain regions: while the beauty of faces convergently activated the left ventral striatum, the beauty of visual art convergently activated the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). However, a conjunction analysis failed to reveal any common brain regions for the beauty of visual art and faces. The implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Surgical Robotics Systems for Deep Brain Neurosurgery

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. K. Nassief
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Surgical Robotics ◽  
Synchronous Communication ◽  
Asynchronous Learning ◽  
Mapping Technology ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

Robotics systems designed for surgical applications such as Neurosurgery, likely may need to implement synchronous communication in real time and asynchronous learning. It will likely primarily be oriented towards spatial imaging and 3D virtualization, various communication protocols, and calibration settings in order to perform optimal results. In regards to computation, it needs to be heavily fault tolerant in operation. It also needs to be aware of false positives. Likely a complex deep brain surgical robotics system would implement variations of brain mapping technology and may utilize topological neuroanatomy. Various technologies in regards to the mapping of the brain, visualization, robotics and mechatronics systems would need to be in place. This paper is to look at the sciences through a theoretical and conceptual process. This isn’t FDA reviewed for medical accuracy and is meant to warrant a theoretical paper where information is “as-is”. This will hopefully provide a bleuprint for continuing research later on.

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