Total Angle Resolved Scattering Characterization for Ultra-fine Finished Surface Areal-Topography

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Takaya ◽  
Masaki Michihata ◽  
Terutake Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Finished Surface ◽  
Total Angle

GENERALIZED HANNAY ANGLE FOR THE MOST GENERAL TIME-DEPENDENT HARMONIC OSCILLATOR

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (28) ◽  
pp. 4827-4840 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD H. KOBE ◽  
JIONGMING ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Berry Phase ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Canonical Momentum ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Classical Counterpart ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
Adiabatic Case ◽  
General Time ◽  
Total Angle

The most general time-dependent Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator is both linear and quadratic in the coordinate and the canonical momentum. It describes in general a harmonic oscillator with mass, spring “constant,” and friction (or antifriction) “constant,” all of which are time dependent, that is acted on by a time-dependent force. A generalized Hannay angle, which is gauge invariant, is defined by making a distinction between the Hamiltonian and the energy. The generalized Hannay angle is the classical counterpart of the generalized Berry phase in quantum theory. When friction is present the generalized Hannay angle is nonzero. If the Hamiltonian is (incorrectly) chosen to be the energy, the generalized Hannay angle is different. Nevertheless, in the adiabatic case the same total angle is obtained.

Deep Hole Machining with a Small Diameter Drill and Ultrasonic Vibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Yuta Masu ◽  
Tomohito Fukao ◽  
Taiga Yasuki ◽  
Masahiro Hagino ◽  
Takashi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Finished Surface

The method of imparting ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool is known to improve the shape accuracy and finished surface roughness. However, a uniform evaluation of this function in drilling has not been achieved, and the cutting process cannot be checked from the outside. The aim of this study is to investigate the cutting characteristics in deep hole drilling when an ultrasonic vibrator on the table of a machining center provides vibration with a frequency of 20 kHz to the work piece. The ultrasonic vibrations in this system reach the maximum amplitude in the center of the work material. We evaluated the change in finished surface roughness between the section where drilling starts to the point of maximum amplitude with ultrasonic vibration. The main cutting conditions are as follows: cutting speed (V) 12.6 (mm/min); feed rate (s) 30, 60 (mm/rev); depth of cut (t) = 32 (mm); work material, tool steel; cutting tool material, HSS; point angle (σ) 118 (°); and drill diameter (φ) 4 (mm). Lubricant powder was also added to clarify the cutting effect, and compared the condition in which there was no ultrasonic vibration. The results showed that surface roughness at the point of maximum amplitude was better than that with no vibration.

Quantitative studies of the reactions to horizontal angular accelerations in axolotls. I. The head-turning reflexes of normal animals

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Total Angle

1. Artifically metamorphosed axolotls were exposed to both brief (impulse) and long-lasting horizontal angular accelerations on a turn-table. The animals responded with a head-turning reaction. 2. The general course of the reaction to impulse acceleration was independent of stimulus intensity. The velocity of the head movement first increased to a maximum exponentially and then decreased in a negative exponential manner. Stimulus intensity had a linear relationship to the mean maximum velocity and mean total angle covered by head-turning. The average velocity-time curves at various stimulus intensities differed only by a velocity factor. 3. During long-lasting constant accelerations the velocity of the head-turning increased to a maximum velocity in a sigmoid time-course and then decreased, first to a constant velocity, and then further. Mean values of the maximum velocity were correlated linearly with the stimulus intensity. 4. It was concluded that the head-turning reflexes in axolotls do not agree with the accepted movements of the vertebrate cupula and therefore are not a simple ‘copy’ of the afferent input. It is also suggested that the reaction threshold differes from that for the labyrinthine input.

A Control System to Improve the Accuracy of Finished Surfaces in Milling

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
S. Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Adaptive Control System ◽  
Location Error ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Finished Surface

Adaptive control to keep the accuracy of the shape of a workpiece within acceptable levels by altering the numerical control commands according to variations of manufacturing process parameters is called “geometric adaptive control.” In this paper, a geometric adaptive control system to compensate for errors in the finished surface due to tool deflection generated by milling operations is presented. The effects of cutting forces upon the shape of the finished surface are analyzed, and the composition of the system is discussed. In the system, the location error and the waviness error at the finished surface are evaluated from the sensed bending moments in the tool. These two errors are compensated for by shifting the tool path and by adjusting the feedrate, respectively. It is verified by experiments that the accuracy of the finished surface is improved significantly by using the system described in cases where the depth of cut varies. Geometric adaptive control is useful even when a workpiece is machined by both rough and finish cuts.

Screening of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in water supplies of Cyprus

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos C. Makris ◽  
Shane A. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Finished Surface

Cyprus is currently the leading country in antibiotic consumption among all European Union member countries and is likely to have a high consumption of pharmaceuticals overall. This reconnaissance type of project sought to investigate the occurrence of 16 pharmaceuticals, six known or suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), two flame retardants, one insect repellant, and one fragrance for the first time in water supplies of Cyprus. Groundwater samples from sites that were located beneath farms scattered around Cyprus, wastewater influent and tertiary-treated effluent, raw and finished surface water, and household potable water samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Most of the tested compounds were < minimum reporting limit, except for ibuprofen (mean of 1.4 ng L−1) and bisphenol A (mean of 50 ng L−1), which were detected in more than one out of the five groundwater sampling sites. Certain compounds were found in large concentrations in the wastewater influent (caffeine 82,000 ng L−1, sulfamethoxazole 240 ng L−1, ibuprofen 4,300 ng L−1, and triclosan 480 ng L−1). However, several pharmaceuticals and EDCs were detected in the tertiary-treated effluent (recycled water). For the raw and finished surface water, and potable water samples, ibuprofen was detected, whereas, bisphenol-A was measured in only potable water. Overall, with a few notable exceptions, source, finished and potable water had rare detection or low concentration of target compounds, but further research is needed to elucidate the temporal and spatial distribution of the detected emerging contaminants along with the characterization of the related public health risk.

scholarly journals Frost durability of steel fiber self-compacting concrete for pavements

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wawrzeńczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Molendowska ◽  
Adam Kłak
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Polymer Microspheres ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Frost Durability ◽  
Scaling Resistance

The paper presents the results from the research on self-compacting concrete with different steel fibre type addition. The reference self-compacting concrete mix with water/binder = 0.33 was prepared, then modified with steel fibres in the amounts of 0–60 kg/m3 and air entrained with polymer microspheres (40 μm diameter). The major objective of the research was to determine the effect of steel fibre and air content on the self-compacting concrete mix properties and hardened concrete frost durability. The tests also included internal cracking and scaling resistance evaluation for concrete specimens subjected to cyclic freeze-thaw process − two beams were frozen in air and two beams were partially submerged in water and then frozen. The scaling resistance was tested using the slab method on the specimens with sawn surface and on the specimens with natural finished surface. Non-air entrained steel fibrereinforced concretes, despite their high strength class (C55/67–C60/75) and medium absorption (4.34–5.11%), showed unsatisfactory resistance to internal cracking and scaling tests. The beams partially submerged in water failed after 100 freeze-thaw cycles, which confirms a significant influence of water uptake from moist environment during freeze-thaw cycles and the acceleration of the damage process. Test results indicate that air entrainment with polymer microspheres is a very effective method and allows obtaining very good air pore structure parameters and frost resistance results. The specimens with top − finished surface exhibited less damage in the scaling resistance tests in relation to the specimens with sawn surface.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing on Titanium

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadab Ahmad ◽  
Ranganath M Singari ◽  
R S Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Abrasive Finishing ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Titanium Material ◽  
Finishing Processes

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is one of the finishing processes which produces nano finished surfaces. The material removal process is in the form of microchips. The present paper introduces a novel work based on the principle of MAF for flat surfaces. The experiments were conducted on titanium material to investigate the response of MAF on hardness. Matlab has been used to evaluate the performance. The results obtained from the experimental investigations revealed that the hardness improves with MAF. The surface morphology of finished surface was studied with the help of SEM images

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