Extracting semantic information structures from free text law enforcement data

Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Anita Miller ◽  
Latifur Khan ◽  
Bhavani Thuraisingham
Author(s):  
Naveen Ashish ◽  
Sharad Mehrotra

The authors present the XAR framework that allows for free text information extraction and semantic annotation. The language underpinning XAR, the authors argue, allows for the inclusion of probabilistic reasoning with the rule language, provides higher level predicates capturing text features and relationships, and defines and supports advanced features such as token consumption and stratified negotiation in the rule language and semantics. The XAR framework also allows the incorporation of semantic information as integrity constraints in the extraction and annotation process. The XAR framework aims to fill in a gap, the authors claim, in the Web based information extraction systems. XAR provides an extraction and annotation framework by permitting the integrated use of hand-crafted extraction rules, machine-learning based extractors, and semantic information about the particular domain of interest. The XAR system has been deployed in an emergency response scenario with civic agencies in North America and in a scenario with an IT department of a county level community clinic.


Author(s):  
H. M. Sagara ◽  
S. A. Schliebe ◽  
M. C. Kong

Particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x- ray analysis is one of the current methods used in crime laboratories to aid law enforcement in identifying individuals who have recently fired or handled a firearm. During the discharge of a firearm, the high pressure caused by the detonation of the cartridge materials forces a portion of the generated gases through leaks in the firing mechanism of the weapon. These gases contain residues of smokeless powder, primer mixture, and contributions from the projectile itself. The condensation of these hot gases form discrete, micrometer-sized particles, which can be collected, along with dry skin cells, salts, and other hand debris, from the hands of a shooter by a simple adhesive lift technique. The examination of the carbon-coated adhesive lifts consist of time consuming systematic searches for high contrast particles of spherical morphology with the characteristic elemental composition of antimony, barium and lead. A detailed list of the elemental compositions which match the criteria for gunshot residue are discussed in the Aerospace report.


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