Energy and chemical use in the production chain for microchips

In the article, we analyze types of drilling mud, which are used to drilling intervals of permafrost rocks; the importance of wellbore stability is noted. Wedescribethemain technologies, which have been being applied in the north of Western Siberia; these technologies are aimed at minimizing the loss wellbore stability due to violation of the temperature conditions in the well. We also analyze hydrocarbon systems, taking into account foreign experience, which is based on prospecting and exploratory drilling of ice deposits in Greenland and Antarctica. The article draws your attention to using synthetic fluids, monoesters and chladones. The difficulties of the existing technology and the disadvantages of the hydrocarbon systems are highlighted. We propose to apply a new cryogenic drilling technology, which consists in the use of synthetic fluorine-containing agents as flushing fluid at low temperatures. The text gives valuable information on composition of the proposed flushing fluid and the prospects of using the technology to prevent complications. Much attention is given to issue of manufacturing the main chemical reagent with the reduction of the generalized production chain of its production from the starting material, it is fluorspar.

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Ergebnisse und Trends der forstlichen Betriebsabrechnung im Kanton Aargau von 1991 bis 2002 | Results and trends of the forest accounts in the canton of Argovia 1991-2002

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2003.0254 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 154 (7) ◽

pp. 254-257

Author(s):

Ernst Steiner

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Production Chain ◽

Low Levels ◽

Forest Enterprises ◽

Catastrophic Damage

In recent years public forest owners in the canton of Argovia have carried out considerable structural changes. The positive consequences to the accounts arising from these changes can be confirmed and documented using a number of various measurements from the forest accounts. Until 1999 the results of structural changes compensated for the decrease in wood revenues, even managing in some cases to move from loss to profit. The falls in profit following the catastrophic damage caused by the hurricane Lothar in December 1999 also meant falling accounts. Even in internationally comparable enterprise structures, the survival of forest enterprises is not assured at these low levels. Against a background of, above all, falling subventions without corresponding compensation, further structural changes are unavoidable. Such changes, however, can only lead to success if value is added along the entire production chain and the branch of forest and wood management is able to compete internationally.

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Sustainable approach towards the new EU-Sugar Market era

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17320 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 151-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arend Wittenberg ◽

Menno Roukema ◽

Jan L.M. Struijs ◽

Olaf van Baal

Keyword(s):

Production Capacity ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Production Costs ◽

Production Chain ◽

Northwest Europe ◽

Market Situation ◽

Sugar Market ◽

Strong Market Position ◽

Growth Scaling ◽

The Given

Suiker Unie focuses on a strong market position in Northwest Europe at the lowest possible production costs for sugar. The company tries to achieve this by giving attention to the entire production chain. An important pillar of this mission is sustainability. During the recent years Suiker Unie developed a Masterplan to prepare its factories for the new market situation after 2017. In line with Cosun’s strategy of profitable growth, scaling up production capacity of beet factories was defined as goal of this Masterplan. The ambition of reduction of production costs and sustainability (e.g. carbon-footprint) was translated into the challenging constraint to increase the capacity growth within the given steam supply and the actual odour and noise emissions. Based on a thorough bottleneck study a portfolio of measures for each factory is defined, grouped into debottlenecking, energy saving, optimization and environmental projects.

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Potential Use of Indoor Living Walls in Canadian Dwellings

J ◽

10.3390/j4020010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 116-130

Author(s):

Daria Smolova ◽

Avi Friedman

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Food Production ◽

Air Purification ◽

Traditional Food ◽

Production Chain ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Fresh Food ◽

Living Wall ◽

Potential Use ◽

Potential Integration

Current social and environmental challenges have led to the rethinking of residential designs. Global warming, food insecurity, and, as a result, costly fresh produce are some of the causes of the reconsideration. Moreover, with obligatory isolation following the global COVID-19 pandemic, some are realizing the importance of nature and air quality in homes. This paper explores the potential integration of indoor living walls (ILWs) in Canadian homes for agricultural and air purification purposes. By reviewing a number of case studies, this paper investigates how the development of such walls can alter the traditional food production chain, while reducing environmental threats. The findings show that current indoor living wall practices can be transformed into a useful source of fresh food, and, to some degree, alter traditional food supply. They can also help in creating inexpensive methods of air purification.

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The Influence of Formal Institution Agents on Coopetition in the Organic Food Industry

Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization ◽

10.1515/jafio-2019-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gisele Hidalgo ◽

Jefferson Marlon Monticelli ◽

Juliana Pedroso ◽

Jorge Renato Verschoore ◽

Celso Augusto de Matos

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Single Case ◽

Academic Research ◽

Organic Food ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Food Products ◽

Value Capture ◽

Production Chain ◽

Cooperative Approach ◽

Formal Institution

AbstractRecent academic research presents a large volume of studies on the organic market from the perspective of consumers’ motivation and purchasing preferences. However, these studies adopt a competitive or cooperative approach, but overlook the institutional complexity of emerging markets. This study aims to investigate the organic food production chain of emerging countries from the perspective of coopetition, taking into account the influence of formal institution agents. We focused our analysis on the chain of the organic food products, with the organic ice-cream producer as the key node of the chain. It is a single-case study conducted through in loco interviews with participants in the organic food products’ chain, along with secondary data. The results show the influence of formal institution agents and non-financial incentives as primary drivers of entrepreneurial strategic decisions. We contributed to the coopetition literature by demonstrating the influence of formal institution agents on value creation and value capture in the organic chain.

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Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽

Severino Zara ◽

Fabio Fracchetti ◽

Vittorio Capozzi ◽

Tiziana Nardi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Control Plant ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Crucial Point ◽

Production Chain ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

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The Role of Fungi in the Cocoa Production Chain and the Challenge of Climate Change

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Johannes Delgado-Ospina ◽

Junior Bernardo Molina-Hernández ◽

Clemencia Chaves-López ◽

Gianfranco Romanazzi ◽

Antonello Paparella

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Close Association ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Production Chain ◽

Cocoa Production

Background: The role of fungi in cocoa crops is mainly associated with plant diseases and contamination of harvest with unwanted metabolites such as mycotoxins that can reach the final consumer. However, in recent years there has been interest in discovering other existing interactions in the environment that may be beneficial, such as antagonism, commensalism, and the production of specific enzymes, among others. Scope and approach: This review summarizes the different fungi species involved in cocoa production and the cocoa supply chain. In particular, it examines the presence of fungal species during cultivation, harvest, fermentation, drying, and storage, emphasizing the factors that possibly influence their prevalence in the different stages of production and the health risks associated with the production of mycotoxins in the light of recent literature. Key findings and conclusion: Fungi associated with the cocoa production chain have many different roles. They have evolved in a varied range of ecosystems in close association with plants and various habitats, affecting nearly all the cocoa chain steps. Reports of the isolation of 60 genera of fungi were found, of which only 19 were involved in several stages. Although endophytic fungi can help control some diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, climate change, with increased rain and temperatures, together with intensified exchanges, can favour most of these fungal infections, and the presence of highly aggressive new fungal genotypes increasing the concern of mycotoxin production. For this reason, mitigation strategies need to be determined to prevent the spread of disease-causing fungi and preserve beneficial ones.

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Innovations in anaerobic digestion: a model-based study

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-020-01864-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karol Postawa ◽

Jerzy Szczygieł ◽

Marek Kułażyński

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Methane Content ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Production Chain ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Increasing the efficiency of the biogas production process is possible by modifying the technological installations of the biogas plant. In this study, specific solutions based on a mathematical model that lead to favorable results were proposed. Three configurations were considered: classical anaerobic digestion (AD) and its two modifications, two-phase AD (TPAD) and autogenerative high-pressure digestion (AHPD). The model has been validated based on measurements from a biogas plant located in Poland. Afterward, the TPAD and AHPD concepts were numerically tested for the same volume and feeding conditions. Results The TPAD system increased the overall biogas production from 9.06 to 9.59%, depending on the feedstock composition, while the content of methane was slightly lower in the whole production chain. On the other hand, the AHPD provided the best purity of the produced fuel, in which a methane content value of 82.13% was reached. At the same time, the overpressure leads to a decrease of around 7.5% in the volumetric production efficiency. The study indicated that the dilution of maize silage with pig manure, instead of water, can have significant benefits in the selected configurations. The content of pig slurry strengthens the impact of the selected process modifications—in the first case, by increasing the production efficiency, and in the second, by improving the methane content in the biogas. Conclusions The proposed mathematical model of the AD process proved to be a valuable tool for the description and design of biogas plant. The analysis shows that the overall impact of the presented process modifications is mutually opposite. The feedstock composition has a moderate and unsteady impact on the production profile, in the tested modifications. The dilution with pig manure, instead of water, leads to a slightly better efficiency in the classical configuration. For the TPAD process, the trend is very similar, but the AHPD biogas plant indicates a reverse tendency. Overall, the recommendation from this article is to use the AHPD concept if the composition of the biogas is the most important. In the case in which the performance is the most important factor, it is favorable to use the TPAD configuration.

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Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-019-0936-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Quan Li ◽

Jian Yin ◽

Zheng Li ◽

Zewei Li ◽

Yuanzhao Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Production Chain ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

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