Network Restoration Utilizing Load Distribution Factor as Survivability Performance Index

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirawat Krairiksh ◽  
Chaiyachet Saivichit
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Network Restoration ◽  
Load Distribution Factor

Experimental evaluation of the lateral load distribution in the elastic-plastic phase of timber-steel hybrid structures with a novel light timber-steel diaphragm

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1976
Author(s):  
Zhong Ma ◽  
Minjuan He ◽  
Renle Ma ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Linlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Plastic Phase ◽  
Lateral Load Distribution ◽  
Load Distribution Factor

A cyclic loading experiment involving a timber-steel hybrid structure consisting of a steel frame and a novel light timber-steel diaphragm is presented to quantify the flexibility of the diaphragm and its ability to distribute lateral loads in the elastic-plastic phase of the structure. A lateral load-distribution factor was proposed, and its relationship to the ratio of the stiffness of the diaphragm to that of the lateral load-resisting elements was investigated. The diaphragm was classified based on these variables. The results indicated that the failure modes of the structure were associated with the forms of damage experienced by the lateral load-resisting elements, whereas little damage was observed for the diaphragm. The diaphragm exhibited the ability to continuously adjust the distribution of lateral loads to each lateral load-resisting element; accordingly, each lateral load-resisting element had approximately the same shear force, the same lateral stiffness, and the same lateral displacement during the loading process. As the lateral displacement increased, the stiffness ratio and load-distribution factor both gradually increased, and the diaphragm correspondingly changed from semi-rigid to rigid. At times, as the lateral displacement increased, the diaphragm rapidly became rigid, and it was unnecessarily rigid during the initial loading phase when the in-plane stiffness reached a certain threshold.

INFLUENCE OF SPAN LENGTH AND CROSSBEAM ON LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTOR FOR GIRDER BRIDGES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Gyoung Kwak ◽  
Joungrae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Steel Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Load Distribution Factor ◽  
Exterior Girder ◽  
Grillage Method ◽  
Concrete Girder

Load distribution factor at concrete girder bridges and steel girder bridges are analyzed with finite element method to see effect of span length and cross beam to load distribution factor. Span lengths of analyzed bridge models are 30m, 40m, 50m and 60m. The number of intermediate cross beam is increased from one to until distance between cross beams becomes 5m. The finite element analysis results show that concrete girder and steel girder can use same load distribution factor and span length doesn’t affect to load distribution factor. Even though load distribution factor in interior girders is not influenced by cross beam, in exterior girders it is influenced by cross beam. Effect of cross beam in exterior girder is influenced by the number of lanes and distance from exterior girder to curb. Since design code introduces conservative load distribution factor, economically improved load distribution factor is proposed. The proposed load distribution factor includes cross beam effect with the number of lanes and distance from exterior girder to curb. The proposed equation is compared with AASHTO code and grillage method which is well-known method to calculate load distribution. The comparison results showed that the proposed equation is more efficient and useful than AASHTO and safer than the grillage method.

Optimal Tooth Modifications for Spur and Helical Gears

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Tooth Profile Modification ◽  
Load Distribution Factor

A method for the simultaneous calculation of optimal tooth tip relief and tooth crowning for spur and helical gears is presented in this paper. The tooth profile modification is described by a linear function. Two types of crowning are introduced: linear and parabolic. The optimization of the tooth modifications is based on the following conditions: (1) The teeth are entering in mesh smoothly, without interference. (2) The load distribution factor is minimized. A computer program is developed for the calculation of the optimal tooth tip relief and crowning for spur and helical gears. By using this program the influence of type and length of optimal crowning and length of tooth tip relief on load distribution factor is investigated. Also, the influence of gear parameters on optimal tooth profile modification is discussed. On the basis of the obtained results, by regression analysis an equation is derived for the calculation of the optimal tooth tip relief.

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