Testing the decoherence of a macroscopic object using a quantum optical probe

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bose ◽  
K. Jacobs ◽  
P.L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Macroscopic Object ◽  
Quantum Optical

scholarly journals SymmetricM-ary phase discrimination using quantum-optical probe states

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Nair ◽  
Brent J. Yen ◽  
Saikat Guha ◽  
Jeffrey H. Shapiro ◽  
Stefano Pirandola
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Phase Discrimination ◽  
Quantum Optical

scholarly journals Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolly Xavier ◽  
Deshui Yu ◽  
Callum Jones ◽  
Ekaterina Zossimova ◽  
Frank Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Quantum Optical

Abstract Quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology pave the way for promising routes to fulfil the present day fundamental and technological demands for integrated chips which surpass the classical functional and measurement limits. The most precise measurements of optical properties such as phase or intensity require quantum optical measurement schemes. These non-classical measurements exploit phenomena such as entanglement and squeezing of optical probe states. They are also subject to lower detection limits as compared to classical photodetection schemes. Biosensing with non-classical light sources of entangled photons or squeezed light holds the key for realizing quantum optical bioscience laboratories which could be integrated on chip. Single-molecule sensing with such non-classical sources of light would be a forerunner to attaining the smallest uncertainty and the highest information per photon number. This demands an integrated non-classical sensing approach which would combine the subtle non-deterministic measurement techniques of quantum optics with the device-level integration capabilities attained through nanophotonics as well as nanoplasmonics. In this back drop, we review the underlining principles in quantum sensing, the quantum optical probes and protocols as well as state-of-the-art building blocks in quantum optical sensing. We further explore the recent developments in quantum photonic/plasmonic sensing and imaging together with the potential of combining them with burgeoning field of coupled cavity integrated optoplasmonic biosensing platforms.

Spectrocoulometry – a new spectro-electrochemical technique

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Michal Németh ◽  
Mieczyslaw Lapkowski ◽  
Jerzy W. Strojek
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

A spectrocoulometric macrocell with a direct-view optical probe was designed and constructed, where the optical signal is transferred by light-conducting glass or quartz fibres permitting to work at wavelengths above 410 or 300 nm. The method of measurement on the proposed equipment is described; it was tested in the study of the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of Fe(bipy)32+ ions (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with the use of potentiostatic coulometric electrolysis with open-circuit relaxation at a suitable time. The primary product of electrolysis, Fe(bipy)33+, undergoes a follow-up hydrolytic reaction with the formation of a binuclear complex. The rate constant of the reaction of the first order involves the contributions, kBi, from all bases present in solution; the corresponding values for H2O, OH-, bipy, and CH3COO- ions at a ionic strength 0·5 mol dm-3 and 25 °C were determined as kOH = (5·0 ± 0·6) . 105 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kbipy = (1·3 ± 0·2) . 10-1 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kAc = (5·8 ± 1·0) . 10-2 mol-1 dm3 s-1, and kH2O is not significant with respect to experimental errors.

scholarly journals AB0566 NAILFOLD EXTENT OF REDUCED CAPILLARY DENSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIGITAL ULCERS AND WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF DIGITAL ULCERS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1580.2-1580
Author(s):  
R. De Angelis ◽  
F. Salaffi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:A growing evidence supports the role of microvasculopathy as a primary pathogenic event in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The most commonly used imaging technique to identify microangiopathy in SSc is high magnification videocapillaroscopy (NVC), and reduced capillary density and/or capillary loss, which is a typical feature of “scleroderma microangiopathy”, easily identified by NVC, has been associated with digital ulcers (DUs). Different approaches have been proposed to measure capillary density or capillary loss. Some of these were qualitative methods, others semi-quantitative, others only concerned a limited nailfold area, without ever evaluating the overall density, which is more suitable for quantitative estimate.Objectives:To assess the association between the extent of different values of nailfold capillary density and the presence of DUs and to identify the risk of developing DUs, based on quantitative parameters.Methods:The study involved 54 SSc selected patients (47 women and 7 men, mean age 59.5 years, 50 with limited and 4 with diffuse). The study population came from an ongoing database, that includes clinical and laboratory data of patients with definite SSc. A videocapillaroscope (VideoCap® 3.0, DS Medica, Milan, Italy) with a 200x optical probe was used. During examination, eight fingers (fingers 2–5 of each hand), 4 fields per finger, according to the standard literature were assessed. For each patient, a total of 32 images were collected, then classified as having either “normal”, “non-specific” or the “scleroderma pattern” (SP). Capillary density was defined as the number of capillaries/mm in the distal row, regardless of its shape and morphology. Avascular areas were defined by the absence of loops within a width/area extending over more than 500 microns. For each patient, the SP images were further graded with no/slight reduction of the capillary density (7-9 loops/mm) (NOR), with a well-defined reduction of capillary density (6-4 loops/mm) (RED) and with loss of capillaries (<4) plus avascular areas (AA). Then, the overall percentages were calculated (the number with SP, the number with NOR, with RED and with AA, respect to 32), thus obtaining the quantitative measures. All data were analysed using the MedCalc® version 18.6; 64-bit (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium).Results:A total of 1728 images were analyzed. Patients with DUs were 16/54 (29.6%). All patients had a SP, but only five patients showed a SP along the entire nailfold. A comparison between patients with or without DUs showed a significant difference both for the overall extent of AA (p=0.032), and particularly for the overall extent of RED (p<0.001). No significant difference was found regarding the overall extent of the SP (p=0.085). Factor significantly associated with DUs in multivariate analysis was the overall extent of RED (p=0.0286). The ROC curve was very effective at discriminating the capillary feature able to distinguish patients with DUs from patients without DUs. The discriminatory power of the overall extent of RED was very good, with an AUC of 0.948 (95 % CI 0.852 ± 0.990). Then, we calculated the cut-off values of the overall extent of RED for presence/absence of DUs with the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity. The resulting cut-off value (Yourden index of 0.825) was >68.7 (sensitivity 92.31 %; specificity 90.24 %) with a LR+ of 9.46.Conclusion:Our data strongly support that the capillary density between 4 and 6 loops/mm is the best capillaroscopic quantitative measure associated with DUs and able to discriminate the probability of having DUs. If all SSc-specific antibodies and/or other laboratory/clinical parameters are not yet available, the overall capillary density can allow physicians to assess SSc patients easily, regarding DUs and risk for developing DUs.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Double-port measurements for robust quantum optical metrology

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Lan Zhou ◽  
Yu-Bo Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Metrology ◽  
Quantum Optical

scholarly journals A Radiometric Technique for Monitoring the Desulfurization Process of Blister Copper

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Alejandro Vásquez ◽  
Francisco Pérez ◽  
Maximiliano Roa ◽  
Ignacio Sanhueza ◽  
Hugo Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Blister Copper ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Irradiance ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
Radiometric Technique ◽  
Collimating Lens ◽  
Total Emissivity

In this paper, a novel optical technique for following the progress of the blister copper desulfurization process is presented. The technique is based on the changes observed in the continuous spectrum of the visible–near-infrared (VIS–NIR) radiation that the blister melt emits while the chemical reactions of the sulfur elimination process are taking place. Specifically, the proposed technique uses an optical probe composed of an optical fiber, a collimating lens, and a quartz tube, which is immersed in the melt. This optical probe provides a field of view of the blowing zone where the desulfurization reaction occurs. The experimental results show that the melt VIS–NIR total irradiance evolves inversely to the SO2 concentration reported by a gas analyzer based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the blister copper spectral emissivity as well as the total emissivity observed throughout the process show strong correlation with the sulfur content during desulfurization reaction.

scholarly journals Transport of pseudothermal photons through an anharmonic cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy S. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Pauli Principle ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Continuous Transition ◽  
Noise Current ◽  
Nonperturbative Solution ◽  
Occupation Numbers ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Quantum Optical

AbstractUnder nonequilibrium conditions, quantum optical systems reveal unusual properties that might be distinct from those in condensed matter. The fundamental reason is that photonic eigenstates can have arbitrary occupation numbers, whereas in electronic systems these are limited by the Pauli principle. Here, we address the steady-state transport of pseudothermal photons between two waveguides connected through a cavity with Bose–Hubbard interaction between photons. One of the waveguides is subjected to a broadband incoherent pumping. We predict a continuous transition between the regimes of Lorentzian and Gaussian chaotic light emitted by the cavity. The rich variety of nonequilibrium transport regimes is revealed by the zero-frequency noise. There are three limiting cases, in which the noise-current relation is characterized by a power-law, $$S\propto J^\gamma$$ S ∝ J γ . The Lorentzian light corresponds to Breit-Wigner-like transmission and $$\gamma =2$$ γ = 2 . The Gaussian regime corresponds to many-body transport with the shot noise ($$\gamma =1$$ γ = 1 ) at large currents; at low currents, however, we find an unconventional exponent $$\gamma =3/2$$ γ = 3 / 2 indicating a nontrivial interplay between multi-photon transitions and incoherent pumping. The nonperturbative solution for photon dephasing is obtained in the framework of the Keldysh field theory and Caldeira-Leggett effective action. These findings might be relevant for experiments on photon blockade in superconducting qubits, thermal states transfer, and photon statistics probing.

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