Characterization of planar-intensity based heading likelihood functions in magnetically disturbed indoor environments

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khider ◽  
Patrick Robertson ◽  
Martin Frassl ◽  
Michael Angermann ◽  
Luigi Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Likelihood Functions

scholarly journals Characterization of aerosol and assessment of the risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 VIRUS in a natural thermal cave

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 12004
Author(s):  
Mauro Scungio ◽  
Giulia Parlani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Unique Chemical

Thermal caves represent an environment characterized by unique chemical-physical properties, often used by customers for treatment and care of musculoskeletal, respiratory and skin diseases. The recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has imposed the need to investigate the potential transmission scenario of SARS-CoV-2 virus also in such atypical and poorly studied indoor environments. This research work was carried out inside a natural thermal cave located in Italy where a waterfall of sulfur-sulfate-bicarbonate-alkaline earth mineral thermal water creates a warm-humid environment with 100% humidity and 48°C temperature. A characterization of the aerosol was carried out in terms of number, surface area and mass, as well as particle size distributions. The physical characteristics of the aerosol were measured inside the natural thermal cave and in other immediately adjacent areas in two different days and in two distinct moments by means of an optical spectrometer. The data obtained showed a predominance of particles with a diameter greater than 8 μm, associated with a low ability of penetration in the human respiratory system. Subsequently, through a model recently proposed in scientific literature, it was evaluated the airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 inside the cave by quantifying the probability of infection due to exposure in a microenvironment in presence of a SARS-CoV-2 infected subject. The infection risk was evaluated for different scenarios obtained combining parameters such as physical, breathing or talking activities of the occupants, simultaneous or non-simultaneous access to the cave and mechanical ventilation activated or non-activated. In terms of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, evaluated under the hypotheses of the model, it was highlighted the decisive effect of the mechanical ventilation system on the risk of contagion: for all the hypothesized scenarios, there is a substantial reduction in the risk of contagion considering the ventilation system active. Furthermore, the adoption of social distancing measures such as non-simultaneous access to the cave makes the risk of contagion extremely low, according to the assumptions underlying the model, even with the mechanical ventilation system not active.

scholarly journals An inquiry into the certification potential of built environments’ affordance

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Mahdavi ◽  
Christiane Berger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Control Devices

Buildings are typically equipped with a number of elements and devices (e.g., windows, blinds, luminaires, radiators) to control indoor environmental conditions. The availability, effectiveness, and usability of control devices and their interfaces constitute an essential aspect of built environments’ quality. This aspect has been sometimes referred to as indoor-environmental “affordance” (or “ecological valency”) and can be interpreted as a descriptor of buildings’ responsiveness toward inhabitants’ needs and requirements. However, in contrast to some other building quality aspects such as energy efficiency, there is a lack of systematic evaluation or certifications procedures for objective characterization of indoor environments’ affordance as related to the availability and effectiveness of control devices and their human interfaces. This paper entails an exploration of the potential for and associated challenges of designing and implementing affordance measurement and certification procedures. Challenges include, above all, assigning relative weights and coefficient values to different domains (e.g., thermal, visual, acoustical), devices, and levels of their effectiveness. Irrespective of their success to date, attempts toward operationalization of indoor-environmental affordance can be quite beneficial: The affordance framework can offer a systematic, intuitive, and compact framework to guide the workflow toward the provision and maintenance of adequate indoor environments for human occupancy.

scholarly journals Characterization of sparse WLAN data traffic in opportunistic indoor environments as a prior for coexistence scenarios of modern wireless technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khurram Ehsan ◽  
Asghar Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Amirzada ◽  
Neelma Naz ◽  
Kostromitin Konstantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Wireless Technologies

Characterization of coverage of signals in 700 MHz band in indoor environments

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Costa e Silva ◽  
Niedson Almeida Lemos ◽  
Maria do Carmo de L. M. Frazao ◽  
Alexandre F. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environments
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