Android payload system development for high-altitude balloons: capturing periodic images along with GPS and sensor data

Author(s):  
Hanke Kimm ◽  
Haklin Kimm
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng Kheong Loh ◽  
Kathleen McNamara ◽  
Taro Tsukada ◽  
Eiji Itakura ◽  
Jamey D. Jacob

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Velotta ◽  
Cayleih E. Robertson ◽  
Rena M. Schweizer ◽  
Grant B. McClelland ◽  
Zachary A. Cheviron

AbstractAerobic performance is tied to fitness as it influences an animal’s ability to find food, escape predators, or survive extreme conditions. At high altitude, where low O2 availability and persistent cold prevail, maximum metabolic heat production (thermogenesis) is an aerobic performance trait that is intimately linked to survival. Understanding how thermogenesis evolves to enhance survival at high altitude will yield insight into the links between physiology, performance, and fitness. Recent work in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) has shown that adult mice native to high-altitude have higher thermogenic capacities under hypoxia compared to lowland conspecifics, but developing high-altitude pups delay the onset of thermogenesis. This suggests that natural selection on thermogenic capacity varies across life stages. To determine the mechanistic cause of this ontogenetic delay, we analyzed the transcriptomes of thermo-effector organs – brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle – in developing deer mice native to low- and high-altitude. We demonstrate that the developmental delay in thermogenesis is associated with adaptive shifts in the expression of genes involved in nervous system development, fuel/O2 supply, and oxidative metabolism gene pathways. Our results demonstrate that selection has modified the developmental trajectory of the thermoregulatory system at high altitude and has done so by acting on the regulatory systems that control the maturation of thermo-effector tissues. We suggest that the cold and hypoxic conditions of high altitude may force a resource allocation trade-off, whereby limited energy is allocated to developmental processes such as growth, versus active thermogenesis during early development.


1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Burrows ◽  
Thomas Moore ◽  
Rossin III ◽  
Senard Brian ◽  
Hubbard

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Velotta ◽  
Cayleih E Robertson ◽  
Rena M Schweizer ◽  
Grant B McClelland ◽  
Zachary A Cheviron

Abstract Aerobic performance is tied to fitness as it influences an animal’s ability to find food, escape predators, or survive extreme conditions. At high altitude, where low O2 availability and persistent cold prevail, maximum metabolic heat production (thermogenesis) is an aerobic performance trait that is closely linked to survival. Understanding how thermogenesis evolves to enhance survival at high altitude will yield insight into the links between physiology, performance, and fitness. Recent work in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) has shown that adult mice native to high altitude have higher thermogenic capacities under hypoxia compared with lowland conspecifics, but that developing high-altitude pups delay the onset of thermogenesis. This finding suggests that natural selection on thermogenic capacity varies across life stages. To determine the mechanistic cause of this ontogenetic delay, we analyzed the transcriptomes of thermoeffector organs—brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle—in developing deer mice native to low and high altitude. We demonstrate that the developmental delay in thermogenesis is associated with adaptive shifts in the expression of genes involved in nervous system development, fuel/O2 supply, and oxidative metabolism pathways. Our results demonstrate that selection has modified the developmental trajectory of the thermoregulatory system at high altitude and has done so by acting on the regulatory systems that control the maturation of thermoeffector tissues. We suggest that the cold and hypoxic conditions of high altitude force a resource allocation tradeoff, whereby limited energy is allocated to developmental processes such as growth, versus active thermogenesis, during early development.


1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
E. V. Kononovich ◽  
O. B. Smirnova ◽  
P. Heinzel ◽  
P. Kotrč

AbstractThe Hα filtergrams obtained at Tjan-Shan High Altitude Observatory near Alma-Ata (Moscow University Station) were measured in order to specify the bright rims contrast at different points along the line profile (0.0; ± 0.25; ± 0.5; ± 0.75 and ± 1.0 Å). The mean contrast value in the line center is about 25 percent. The bright rims interpretation as the bases of magnetic structures supporting the filaments is suggested.


Author(s):  
D. M. Davies ◽  
R. Kemner ◽  
E. F. Fullam

All serious electron microscopists at one time or another have been concerned with the cleanliness and freedom from artifacts of thin film specimen support substrates. This is particularly important where there are relatively few particles of a sample to be found for study, as in the case of micrometeorite collections. For the deposition of such celestial garbage through the use of balloons, rockets, and aircraft, the thin film substrates must have not only all the attributes necessary for use in the electron microscope, but also be able to withstand rather wide temperature variations at high altitude, vibration and shock inherent in the collection vehicle's operation and occasionally an unscheduled violent landing.Nitrocellulose has been selected as a film forming material that meets these requirements yet lends itself to a relatively simple clean-up procedure to remove particulate contaminants. A 1% nitrocellulose solution is prepared by dissolving “Parlodion” in redistilled amyl acetate from which all moisture has been removed.


Author(s):  
F. Shaapur ◽  
M.J. Kim ◽  
Seh Kwang Lee ◽  
Soon Gwang Kim

TEM characterization and microanalysis of the recording media is crucial and complementary to new material system development as well as quality control applications. Due to the type of material generally used for supporting the medium, i.e., a polymer, conventional macro- and microthinning procedures for thin foil preparation are not applicable. Ultramicrotorny (UM) is a viable option and has been employed in previous similar studies. In this work UM has been used for preparation of XTEM samples from a magneto-optical (MO) recording medium in its original production format.The as-received material system consisted of a 4-layer, 2100 Å thick medium including a 300 Å TbFeCo layer enveloped by silicon nitride protective layers supported on a 1.2 mm thick × 135 mm (5.25 in.) diameter polycarbonate disk. Recording tracks had an approximate pitch of 1.6 μm separated by 800 Å deep peripheral grooves. Using a Buehler Isomet low-speed diamond saw, 1 mm wide and 20 mm long strips were cut out of the disk along the recording tracks.


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