Study on change of aircraft center of gravity during fuel consumption

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Miao ◽  
Shaoping Wang ◽  
Yongping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Center Of Gravity

scholarly journals Transport category airplane flight range calculation accounting center-of-gravity position shift and engine throttling characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Ruslan Tsukanov ◽  
Viktor Riabkov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Position Shift ◽  
Range Calculation

A problem facing world commercial aviation is a provision of the flight range and an increase in the fuel efficiency of transport category airplanes using fuel trim transfer application, which allows for decreasing airplane trim drag at cruise flight. In the existing mathematical models, center-of-gravity position is usually assumed fixed, but with fuel usage, center-of-gravity shifts within the definite range of center-of-gravity positions. Until the fuel trim transfer was not used in airplanes, the center-of-gravity shift range was rather short, that allowed to use the specified assumption without any considerable mistakes. In case of fuel trim transfer use, center-of-gravity shifts can reach 15…20 % of mean aerodynamic chord, that requires considering the center-of-gravity actual position during the flight range calculation. Early made estimated calculations showed the necessity of following mathematical model improvement using accounting the real engine throttling characteristics. The goal of this publication is to develop a method of flight range calculation taking transport category airplane into account actual center-of-gravity position with fuel using and variation in engine-specific fuel consumption according to their throttling characteristics. On the basis of real data from engine maintenance manuals, formulas are obtained for approximation throttling characteristics of turbofan engines in the form of dimensionless specific fuel consumption (related to the specific fuel consumption at full thrust) dependence on the engine throttling coefficient. A mathematical model (algorithm and its program implementation using С language in Power Unit 11.7 R03 system) has been developed to calculate the airplane flight range accounting its actual center-of-gravity position shift with fuel usage and variation in specific fuel consumption according to engine throttling characteristics. Using comparison with known payload-range diagram, adequacy of developed mathematical model is shown. Recommendations to improve the mathematical model are also given.

scholarly journals METHOD OF CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT CENTER OF GRAVITY BASED ON THE FUEL CONSUMPTION ORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Nicolae TUDOSIE ◽  
◽  
Petre NEGREA ◽  
Vlad Aurelian VĂDUVESCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Center Of Gravity

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

Classification of Acceleration Waveforms during Walking by Wavelet Transform

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sekine ◽  
M. Ogawa ◽  
T. Togawa ◽  
Y. Fukui ◽  
T. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Continuous Dynamic

Abstract:In this study we have attempted to classify the acceleration signal, while walking both at horizontal level, and upstairs and downstairs, using wavelet analysis. The acceleration signal close to the body’s center of gravity was measured while the subjects walked in a corridor and up and down a stairway. The data for four steps were analyzed and the Daubecies 3 wavelet transform was applied to the sequential data. The variables to be discriminated were the waveforms related to levels -4 and -5. The sum of the square values at each step was compared at levels -4 and -5. Downstairs walking could be discriminated from other types of walking, showing the largest value for level -5. Walking at horizontal level was compared with upstairs walking for level -4. It was possible to discriminate the continuous dynamic responses to walking by the wavelet transform.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СТВОРЕННЯ СИЛОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ СІМЕЙСТВА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ЛІТАКІВ АН-148/АН-158

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
О. Д. Донець ◽  
В. П. Іщук
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
Technical Status ◽  
Air Intake

The basic results of calculation and research works carried out in the process of creation of power unit of regional passenger airplanes’ family are given. The design features of the propulsion engines and engine of the auxiliary power plant are described. The aforementioned propulsion system includes propulsion engines D-436-148 and engine AI-450-MS of auxiliary power plant. In order to comply with the requirements of Section 4 of the ICAO standard (noise reduction of the aircraft in site), in part of ensuring the noise reduction of engines, when creating the power plant of the An-148/An-158 aircraft family, a single- and double-layer acoustic filler was used in the structure of the engine nacelle and air intake. The use of electronic system for automatic control of propulsion engines such as FADEC and its integration into the digital airborne aircraft complex ensured the operation of engines, included in the power plant provided with high specific fuel consumption, as well as increased the level of automation of the power plant control and monitoring, and ensured aircraft automation landing in ICAO category 3A. In addition, the use of the aforementioned electronic system, allowed to operate the power plant of the aircraft in accordance with technical status. The use of the AI-450-MS auxiliary power plant with an electronic control system such as FADEC, and the drive of the service compressor from a free turbine, eliminated the effect of changes in power and air takeoff, on the deviation of the engine from optimal mode, which also minimized the fuel consumption. The use of fuel metering system TIS-158, allowed to ensure control of its condition and assemblies, without the use of auxiliary devices, built-in control means. In the fire protection system, the use of the electronic control and monitor unit, as well as the use of digital serial code for the exchange of information between the elements of the system and the aircraft systems, has reduced the number of connections, which increased the reliability of the system and reduced its weight characteristics.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

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