Low cost digitalization of an X-band, non coherent weather radar

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Galati ◽  
G. Russo ◽  
G. Dargaud ◽  
G. Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
X Band

scholarly journals Multi-year 100-metre-scale urban precipitation study based on X-band radar observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Burgemeister ◽  
Marco Clemens ◽  
Felix Ament
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Hourly Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
X Band ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics

<p>An operational, single-polarized X-band weather radar <span>monitors precipitation within a 20 km scan radius around</span> Hamburg’s city center for almost eight years. This weather radar operates at an elevation angle (~3.5°) with a high temporal (30 s), range (60 m), and sampling (1°) resolution refining observations of the German nationwide C-band radars. <span>Studies on short time periods (several months and case studies) proofs the performance of this low-cost local area weather radar. The synergy of observations of the X-band radar, vertically pointing micro rain radars, and rain gauges yields a reliable eight-year precipitation climatology with 100 m resolution. </span><span>The two guiding questions of this presentation are: </span><span>Is the variability of this precipitation climatology representative </span><span>and not contaminated by measurement errors</span><span>? </span><span>Which </span><span>sub-hourly precipitation characteristics </span><span>can we infer</span><span> from th</span><span>is</span><span> precipitation climatology?</span></p><p><span>S</span>everal sources of radar-based errors <span>were</span> <span>adjusted gradually</span> affecting th<span>e</span> <span>precipitation</span> estimate, <span>e.g.</span> the radar calibration, alignment, attenuation, noise, non-meteorologial echoes<span>. Additionally, statistical relations (</span><span><em>k</em></span><span>-</span><span><em>Z</em></span><span> and </span><span><em>Z</em></span><span>-</span><span><em>R</em></span><span> relation) increase the uncertainty of the precipitation estimate. However, the deployment of additional vertically pointing micro rain radars yields drop size distributions at relevant heights, which increases the data quality effectively and assess</span><span>es</span><span> the statistics of the long-term precipitation observations. The resulting climatology allows studies on the spatial and temporal scale of urban precipitation. We outline the performance of the climatology, present first results on sub-hourly precipitation characteristics and discuss open issues and limitations.</span></p><p>This multi-year urban precipitation analysis is groundwork for further hydrological research in an urban area within the project <em>Sustainable Adaption Scenarios for Urban Areas – Water from Four Sides</em> of the Cluster of Excellence <em>Climate Climatic Change, and Society</em> (CliCCS). Future urban precipitation studies will be improved by the extension of networked observations with a second X-band weather radar site and additional micro rain radars in Hamburg measuring since the beginning of 2021.</p>

scholarly journals Hail storm hazard in urban areas: identification and probability of occurrence by using a single-polarization X-band weather radar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capozzi ◽  
Errico Picciotti ◽  
Vincenzo Mazzarella ◽  
Giorgio Budillon ◽  
Frank Silvio Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
X Band ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Single Polarization

Abstract. This work exploits the potentiality of hail warning, based on single-polarization X-band weather radar measurements and tested on a large and well-documented data set of thunderstorm events in southern Italy near Naples. Even though X-band radars may suffer of two-way path attenuation especially at long ranges, due to their relatively low cost their use is rapidly increasing for short-range applications such as urban environments. To identify hail through radar measurements, two different methodologies have been selected and adapted to X-band data within the study area: one uses the Waldvogel (WAL) approach, whereas the other one uses the Vertically-Integrated Liquid Density (VIL-Density) product. The study aims at developing a Probability-of-Hail (POH) index in order to support hail risk management at urban scales. In order to find the optimal threshold values to discriminate between hail and severe rain, an extensive intercomparison between outcomes of the two methodologies and ground truth observations of hail has been performed, using a 2 x 2 contingency table and statistical scores. The results show that both methods are accurate for hail detection in the area of interest, although VIL-Density product is less satisfactory than WAL method in terms of false alarm ratio. The relationship between the output of these two methodologies and POH has been derived through a heuristic approach, using a third-order polynomial fitting curve. As an example, the POH indexes have been applied for the thunderstorm event occurred on 21 July 2014, proving to be reliable for hail core detection.

scholarly journals Performance of high-resolution X-band weather radar networks – the PATTERN example

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 8233-8270
Author(s):  
K. Lengfeld ◽  
M. Clemens ◽  
H. Münster ◽  
F. Ament
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
Radar Networks ◽  
X Band

Abstract. This publication intends to proof that a network of low-cost local area weather radars (LAWR) is a reliable and scientifically valuable complement to nationwide radar networks. A network of four LAWRs has been installed in northern Germany within the framework of the project Precipitation and Attenuation Estimates from a High-Resolution Weather Radar Network (PATTERN) observing precipitation with temporal resolution of 30 s, azimuthal resolution of 1° and spatial resolution of 60 m. The network covers an area of 60 km × 80 km. In this paper algorithms used to obtain undisturbed precipitation fields from raw reflectivity data are described and their performance is analysed. In order to correct for background noise in reflectivity measurements operationally, noise level estimates from the measured reflectivity field is combined with noise levels from the last 10 time steps. For detection of non-meteorological echoes two different kinds of clutter filters are applied: single radar algorithms and network based algorithms that take advantage of the unique features of high temporal and spatial resolution of the network. Overall the network based clutter filter works best with a detection rate of up to 70%, followed by the classic TDBZ filter using the texture of the logarithmic reflectivity field. A comparison of a reflectivity field from the PATTERN network with the product from a C-band radar operated by the German Meteorological Service indicates high spatial accordance of both systems in geographical position of the rain event as well as reflectivity maxima. A longterm study derives good accordance of X-band radar of the network with C-band radar. But especially at the border of precipitation events the standard deviation within a range gate of the C-band radar with range resolution of 1 km is up to 3 dBZ. Therefore, a network of high-resolution low-cost LAWRs can give valuable information on the small scale structure of rain events in areas of special interest, e.g. urban regions, in addition the nationwide radar networks.

scholarly journals Low-Cost CMOS Active Array Solution for Highly Dense X-Band Weather Radar Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 5421-5430
Author(s):  
Javier A. Ortiz ◽  
Jorge L. Salazar-Cerreno ◽  
Jose D. Diaz ◽  
Rodrigo M. Lebron ◽  
Nafati A. Aboserwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Radar Network ◽  
X Band

scholarly journals Performance of high-resolution X-band weather radar networks – the PATTERN example

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4151-4166 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lengfeld ◽  
M. Clemens ◽  
H. Münster ◽  
F. Ament
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
Radar Networks ◽  
X Band ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract. This publication intends to prove that a network of low-cost local area weather radars (LAWR) is a reliable and scientifically valuable complement to nationwide radar networks. A network of four LAWRs has been installed in northern Germany within the framework of the Precipitation and Attenuation Estimates from a High-Resolution Weather Radar Network (PATTERN) project observing precipitation with a temporal resolution of 30 s, a range resolution of 60 m and a sampling resolution of 1° in the azimuthal direction. The network covers an area of 60 km × 80 km. In this paper, algorithms used to obtain undisturbed precipitation fields from raw reflectivity data are described, and their performance is analysed. In order to correct operationally for background noise in reflectivity measurements, noise level estimates from the measured reflectivity field are combined with noise levels from the last 10 time steps. For detection of non-meteorological echoes, two different kinds of clutter algorithms are applied: single-radar algorithms and network-based algorithms. Besides well-established algorithms based on the texture of the logarithmic reflectivity field (TDBZ) or sign changes in the reflectivity gradient (SPIN), the advantage of the unique features of the high temporal and spatial resolution of the network is used for clutter detection. Overall, the network-based clutter algorithm works best with a detection rate of up to 70%, followed by the classic TDBZ filter using the texture of the logarithmic reflectivity field. A comparison of a reflectivity field from the PATTERN network with the product from a C-band radar operated by the German Meteorological Service indicates high spatial accordance of both systems in the geographical position of the rain event as well as reflectivity maxima. Long-term statistics from May to September 2013 prove very good accordance of the X-band radar of the network with C-band radar, but, especially at the border of precipitation events, higher-resolved X-band radar measurements provide more detailed information on precipitation structure because the 1 km range gate of C-band radars is only partially covered with rain. The standard deviation within a range gate of the C-band radar with a range resolution of 1 km is up to 3 dBZ at the borders of rain events. The probability of detection is at least 90%, the false alarm ratio less than 10% for both systems. Therefore, a network of high-resolution low-cost LAWRs can give valuable information on the small-scale structure of rain events in areas of special interest, e.g. urban regions, in addition to the nationwide radar networks.

scholarly journals Rainfall Information System Based on Weather Radar for Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.44) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Indri Hapsari ◽  
Gerard Aponno ◽  
Rosa Andrie Asmara ◽  
Satoru Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
X Band ◽  
Secondary Hazards ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

Rainfall-triggered debris flow has caused multiple impacts to the environment. It. is regarded as the most severe secondary hazards of volcanic eruption. However, limited access to the active volcano slope restricts the ground rain measurement as well as the direct delivery of risk information. In this study, an integrated information system is proposed for volcanic-related disaster mitigation under the framework of X-Plore/X-band Polarimetric Radar for Prevention of Water Disaster. In the first part, the acquisition and processing of high-resolution X-band dual polarimetric weather/X-MP radar data in real-time scheme for demonstrating the disaster-prone region are described. The second part presents the design of rainfall resource database and extensive maps coverage of predicted hazard information in GIS web-based platform accessible both using internet and offline. The proposed platform would be useful for communicating the disaster risk prediction based on weather radar in operational setting.  

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