scholarly journals Real-Time and Embedded System Verification Based on Formal Requirements

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fontan ◽  
L. Apvrille ◽  
P. de Saqui-Sannes ◽  
J.-P. Courtiat
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Verification ◽  
Formal Requirements

Embedded System Verification Using Formal Model an Approach Based on the Combined Use of UML and Maude Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Meliouh Amel ◽  
Chaoui Allaoua
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Automated Modeling ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
System Verification

The approach proposed in this article presents a formal verification of embedded systems. The method relies on an automated modeling and code generation based on the systems' behavior. The key concept is the combined use of a subset of UML behavior diagrams extended with timing annotations (Real-Time Statechart and Real-Time Collaboration diagrams) for system modeling and the Maude language for verification. First, UML modeling tools are developed. Then, an automatic generation of equivalent Maude specification is performed. The approach is based on code generation. This is why it is possible to use an available model checking tool to verify certain timed properties represented in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The meta-modeling tool ATOM3 is used. A case study is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.

scholarly journals A Novel Rail-Network Hardware Simulator for Embedded System Programming

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Balaji M ◽  
Chandrasekaran M ◽  
Vaithiyanathan Dhandapani
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement

A Novel Rail-Network Hardware with simulation facilities is presented in this paper. The hardware is designed to facilitate the learning of application-oriented, logical, real-time programming in an embedded system environment. The platform enables the creation of multiple unique programming scenarios with variability in complexity without any hardware changes. Prior experimental hardware comes with static programming facilities that focus the students’ learning on hardware features and programming basics, leaving them ill-equipped to take up practical applications with more real-time constraints. This hardware complements and completes their learning to help them program real-world embedded systems. The hardware uses LEDs to simulate the movement of trains in a network. The network has train stations, intersections and parking slots where the train movements can be controlled by using a 16-bit Renesas RL78/G13 microcontroller. Additionally, simulating facilities are provided to enable the students to navigate the trains by manual controls using switches and indicators. This helps them get an easy understanding of train navigation functions before taking up programming. The students start with simple tasks and gradually progress to more complicated ones with real-time constraints, on their own. During training, students’ learning outcomes are evaluated by obtaining their feedback and conducting a test at the end to measure their knowledge acquisition during the training. Students’ Knowledge Enhancement Index is originated to measure the knowledge acquired by the students. It is observed that 87% of students have successfully enhanced their knowledge undergoing training with this rail-network simulator.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Embedded System Using Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Spatiotemporal Feature Map for Real-Time Human Action Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4940
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Kim ◽  
Jeongho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Action Recognition ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Feature Maps

The field of research related to video data has difficulty in extracting not only spatial but also temporal features and human action recognition (HAR) is a representative field of research that applies convolutional neural network (CNN) to video data. The performance for action recognition has improved, but owing to the complexity of the model, some still limitations to operation in real-time persist. Therefore, a lightweight CNN-based single-stream HAR model that can operate in real-time is proposed. The proposed model extracts spatial feature maps by applying CNN to the images that develop the video and uses the frame change rate of sequential images as time information. Spatial feature maps are weighted-averaged by frame change, transformed into spatiotemporal features, and input into multilayer perceptrons, which have a relatively lower complexity than other HAR models; thus, our method has high utility in a single embedded system connected to CCTV. The results of evaluating action recognition accuracy and data processing speed through challenging action recognition benchmark UCF-101 showed higher action recognition accuracy than the HAR model using long short-term memory with a small amount of video frames and confirmed the real-time operational possibility through fast data processing speed. In addition, the performance of the proposed weighted mean-based HAR model was verified by testing it in Jetson NANO to confirm the possibility of using it in low-cost GPU-based embedded systems.

scholarly journals The Design of a 2D Graphics Accelerator for Embedded Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Ji Kwang Kim ◽  
Gwan Beom Hwang ◽  
Seung Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Embedded Processor ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Graphics Processing

Recently, advances in technology have enabled embedded systems to be adopted for a variety of applications. Some of these applications require real-time 2D graphics processing running on limited design specifications such as low power consumption and a small area. In order to satisfy such conditions, including a specific 2D graphics accelerator in the embedded system is an effective method. This method reduces the workload of the processor in the embedded system by exploiting the accelerator. The accelerator assists the system to perform 2D graphics processing in real-time. Therefore, a variety of applications that require 2D graphics processing can be implemented with an embedded processor. In this paper, we present a 2D graphics accelerator for tiny embedded systems. The accelerator includes an optimized line-drawing operation based on Bresenham’s algorithm. The optimized operation enables the accelerator to deal with various kinds of 2D graphics processing and to perform the line-drawing instead of the system processor. Moreover, the accelerator also distributes the workload of the processor core by removing the need for the core to access the frame buffer memory. We measure the performance of the accelerator by implementing the processor, including the accelerator, on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and ascertaining the possibility of realization by synthesizing using the 180 nm CMOS process.

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