The Impact of Location Errors on Geographic Routing in Sensor Networks

The geographic routing protocol only requires the location information of local nodes for routing decisions, and is considered very efficient in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. However, in dynamic wireless sensor networks, it increases the routing overhead while obtaining the location information of destination nodes by using a location server algorithm. In addition, the routing void problem and location inaccuracy problem also occur in geographic routing. To solve these problems, a novel fuzzy logic-based geographic routing protocol (FLGR) is proposed. The selection criteria and parameters for the assessment of the next forwarding node are also proposed. In FLGR protocol, the next forward node can be selected based on the fuzzy location region of the destination node. Finally, the feasibility of the FLGR forwarding mode is verified and the performance of FLGR protocol is analyzed via simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed FLGR forwarding mode can effectively avoid the routing void problem. Compared with existing protocols, the FLGR protocol has lower routing overhead, and a higher packet delivery rate in a sparse network.

Download Full-text

Congestion Control based on Geographic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society ◽

10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254665 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Tang ◽

Quansheng Guan ◽

Shengming Jiang

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Congestion Control ◽

Routing Algorithm ◽

Geographic Routing ◽

Wireless Sensor

Download Full-text

Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4368

Author(s):

Jitander Kumar Pabani ◽

Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto ◽

Waheeduddin Hyder ◽

Pablo Otero

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Real Life ◽

Base Station ◽

Fuzzy Decision Making ◽

Underwater Sensor Networks ◽

Packet Forwarding ◽

Node Number ◽

The Impact

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

Download Full-text