Empirical Studies on the Behavior of Resource Availability in Fine-Grained Cycle Sharing Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Ren ◽  
R. Eigenmann
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fine Grained

scholarly journals Communication Among Harvesters Leads to Sustainable Fishing Behaviour in a Continuous Time Common Pool Resource Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena A. Owusu ◽  
Micaela M. Kulesz ◽  
Agostino Merico
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Extraction Behaviour ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Resource Levels

The sustainable use of common pool resources (CPRs) such as fisheries constitutes a major challenge for society. A large body of empirical studies conducted in discrete time indicates that resource users are able to prevent the ‘tragedy of the commons' under institutional arrangements that can promote cooperation. However, the variability exhibited by the human behaviour and the dynamic nature of renewable resources require continuous time experiments to fully explain the mechanisms underpinning the sustainable use of resources. We conducted CPR experiments in continuous time to investigate how the extraction behaviour of resource users changes in real-time in response to changes in resource availability under communication and no communication. We find that when communication is allowed, users adjust their extraction efforts based on knowledge of previous resource availability. In contrast, when communication is not allowed, users do not incorporate resource availability into their utility function. These results suggest that communication does not merely provide a forum for coordination but mediates a causal relationship between resource levels and extraction behaviour. Our findings may help the development of effective resource management policies.

Tracing trajectories

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Carroll ◽  
Katja Weimar ◽  
Monique Flecken ◽  
Monique Lambert ◽  
Christiane von Stutterheim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Motion Event Descriptions

Although the typological contrast between Romance and Germanic languages as verb-framed versus satellite-framed (Talmy 1985) forms the background for many empirical studies on L2 acquisition, the inconclusive picture to date calls for more differentiated, fine-grained analyses. The present study goes beyond explanations based on this typological contrast and takes into account the sources from which spatial concepts are mainly derived in order to shape the trajectory traced by the entity in motion when moving through space: the entity in V-languages versus features of the ground in S-languages. It investigates why advanced French learners of English and German have difficulty acquiring the use of spatial concepts typical of the L2s to shape the trajectory, although relevant concepts can be expressed in their L1. The analysis compares motion event descriptions, based on the same sets of video clips, of L1 speakers of the three languages to L1 French-L2 English and L1 French-L2 German speakers, showing that the learners do not fully acquire the use of L2-specific spatial concepts. We argue that encoded concepts derived from the entity in motion vs. the ground lead to a focus on different aspects of motion events, in accordance with their compatibility with these sources, and are difficult to restructure in L2 acquisition.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Modeling of Label Dependency and Label Noise in Fine-grained Entity Typing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junshuang Wu ◽  
Richong Zhang ◽  
Yongyi Mao ◽  
Masoumeh Soflaei Shahrbabak ◽  
Jinpeng Huai
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Hierarchical Dependency ◽  
Noisy Labels ◽  
Type Hierarchy

Fine-grained entity typing (FET) aims to annotate the entity mentions in a sentence with fine-grained type labels. It brings plentiful semantic information for many natural language processing tasks. Existing FET approaches apply hard attention to learn on the noisy labels, and ignore that those noises have structured hierarchical dependency. Despite their successes, these FET models are insufficient in modeling type hierarchy dependencies and handling label noises. In this paper, we directly tackle the structured noisy labels by combining a forward tree module and a backward tree module. Specifically, the forward tree formulates the informative walk that hierarchically represents the type distributions. The backward tree models the erroneous walk that learns the noise confusion matrix. Empirical studies on several benchmark data sets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyong Xiang ◽  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
John. S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Flux Dynamics ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Cross System ◽  
Land Water

AbstractRiparian zone provides a variety of resources to organisms, including availability of water and subsidies. Water availability in riparian areas influences species distribution and trophic interaction of terrestrial food webs. Cross-ecosystem subsidies as resource flux of additional energy, nutrients, and materials benefit riparian populations and communities (e.g. plants, spiders, lizards, birds and mammals). However, aquatic ecosystems and riparian zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances, which change water availability and affect the flux dynamics of cross-system subsidies. Yet, we still lack sufficient empirical studies assessing impacts of disturbances of land use, climate change and invasive species individually and interactively on aquatic and riparian ecosystems through influencing subsidy resource availability. In filling this knowledge gap, we can make more effective efforts to protect and conserve riparian habitats and biodiversity, and maintain riparian ecosystem functioning and services.

What drives the growth of start-up firms? A tool for mapping the state-of-the-art of the empirical literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pugliese ◽  
Guido Bortoluzzi ◽  
Marco Balzano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Research Stream

PurposeThis study aims to enrich the current theoretical debate on the growth of start-up firms by extensively investigating the ongoing empirical studies in this research stream. Moreover, this study identifies drivers whose support roles are confirmed in the literature and recommends further research opportunities.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, we analysed the results of 316 empirical studies on start-up firms and growth and also identified and categorised 66 growth drivers. We presented these drivers in three-dimensional charts: 1) the frequency of using each driver in the 316 studies, 2) the consistency of each driver as measured by the number of studies supporting its statistical significance and 3) the net effect (positive or negative) of each driver on growth.FindingsOur analysis compares extant studies on growth drivers and shows some under-explored growth factors of start-up firms.Practical implicationsBoth start-up managers and policymakers can benefit from this study. This study provided managers with a fine-grained tool on the main growth drivers and can guide policymakers in supporting policies for start-up firms.Originality/valueThis study provides a rich, fine-grained and coherent picture of several potential growth drivers of start-up firms. Moreover, we extended our analysis to various potential drivers more than previous studies on this topic, thereby providing fruitful insights into the critical growth factors for start-up firms.

scholarly journals The Communicative Effectiveness of Education Videos: Towards an Empirically-Motivated Multimodal Account

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bateman ◽  
Florian Schmidt-Borcherding
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Multimodal Learning ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multimodal Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Basic Concepts

Educational content of many kinds and from many disciplines are increasingly presented in the form of short videos made broadly accessible via platforms such as YouTube. We argue that understanding how such communicative forms function effectively (or not) demands a more thorough theoretical foundation in the principles of multimodal communication that is also capable of engaging with, and driving, empirical studies. We introduce the basic concepts adopted and discuss an empirical study showing how functional measures derived from the theory of multimodality we employ and results from a recipient-based study that we conducted align. We situate these results with respect to the state of the art in cognitive research in multimodal learning and argue that the more complex multimodal interactions and artifacts become, the more a fine-grained view of multimodal communication of the kind we propose will be essential for engaging with such media, both theoretically and empirically.

scholarly journals Opinion Mining from Online User Reviews Using Fuzzy Linguistic Hedges

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mita K. Dalal ◽  
Mukesh A. Zaveri
Keyword(s):  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
Mining System ◽  
User Reviews ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Linguistic Hedges

Nowadays, there are several websites that allow customers to buy and post reviews of purchased products, which results in incremental accumulation of a lot of reviews written in natural language. Moreover, conversance with E-commerce and social media has raised the level of sophistication of online shoppers and it is common practice for them to compare competing brands of products before making a purchase. Prevailing factors such as availability of online reviews and raised end-user expectations have motivated the development of opinion mining systems that can automatically classify and summarize users’ reviews. This paper proposes an opinion mining system that can be used for both binary and fine-grained sentiment classifications of user reviews. Feature-based sentiment classification is a multistep process that involves preprocessing to remove noise, extraction of features and corresponding descriptors, and tagging their polarity. The proposed technique extends the feature-based classification approach to incorporate the effect of various linguistic hedges by using fuzzy functions to emulate the effect of modifiers, concentrators, and dilators. Empirical studies indicate that the proposed system can perform reliable sentiment classification at various levels of granularity with high average accuracy of 89% for binary classification and 86% for fine-grained classification.

Varieties of context and informal entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Afreh ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Natalia Vershinina ◽  
Colin C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Decisions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the multi-faceted contexts, which influence the motives, decisions and actions that underpin the mundane and lively entrepreneurial practice of migrant youth entrepreneurs (MYEs) within a developing economy context. Moreover, the paper explores the under-researched linkages between migration and informal entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Inductive, qualitative field data from a migrant destination, the Ashanti Region in Ghana are analysed, comprising 15 interviews with MYEs who hail from 12 communities in the three Northern Regions of Ghana. The authors introduce a narrative-based approach, which has previously been under-employed within empirical studies of informal entrepreneurship. Findings The findings showcase the complex array of opportunities and challenges, which influence individual decisions to engage in informal entrepreneurship. The findings highlight the importance of not only economic rationales but also non-economic rationales for engaging in informal entrepreneurship. Such rationales emerge from the legitimation of informal practices, the social embeddedness of migrant youth within family and community networks and the precarious nature of informal entrepreneurship. Originality/value The fine-grained discussion of the findings contributes explicitly to theory by underscoring the diversity of informal entrepreneurship activities. Theoretically, the article demonstrates the need to look beyond narrow economic explanations for why individuals engage in informal entrepreneurship. Taking a more holistic approach to explaining motivations for engaging in informal entrepreneurship, enables more nuanced understandings of the importance of non-economic rationales for individuals, located in specific contextual settings.

Prediction of Resource Availability in Fine-Grained Cycle Sharing Systems Empirical Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Ren ◽  
Seyong Lee ◽  
Rudolf Eigenmann ◽  
Saurabh Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Fine Grained
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