The Mean Value Method for Crack Propagation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Xuhai ◽  
S.C. Wu ◽  
C. Zheng ◽  
J.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

scholarly journals A Mean Extragradient Method for Solving Variational Inequalities

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Apichit Buakird ◽  
Nimit Nimana ◽  
Narin Petrot
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Variational Inequality ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Variational Inequality Problem ◽  
Extragradient Method ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inequality Problem ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

We propose a modified extragradient method for solving the variational inequality problem in a Hilbert space. The method is a combination of the well-known subgradient extragradient with the Mann’s mean value method in which the updated iterate is picked in the convex hull of all previous iterates. We show weak convergence of the mean value iterate to a solution of the variational inequality problem, provided that a condition on the corresponding averaging matrix is fulfilled. Some numerical experiments are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical result.

Plastic Energy Required for Fatigue Failure of Specimens Containing Cracks

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Bui-Quoc ◽  
Andre Biron
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Propagation Law ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Damage Rule ◽  
Propagation Stage

A study is conducted to determine the plastic energy absorbed by a material subjected to cyclic loading during the crack propagation stage. The analysis is based on Liu’s elastoplastic solution for calculating the plastic energy around the crack tip combined with a modified crack propagation law. The plastic energy per cycle Δw is found to be dependent upon the fatigue crack length and therefore varies with the number of applied cycles. The mean value of this energy corresponds to the plastic energy obtained by measuring the area within the stress-strain hysteresis loops of the material under repeated loading. If fatigue damage is based on plastic energy, the trend of variation of Δw with the applied cycles in the present analysis shows that the application of the linear damage rule (such as Miner’s law) should be more successful in the low-cycle region than in the high-cycle region. This is consistent with experimental data.

SET DEFUZZIFICATION AND CHOQUET INTEGRAL

2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKIO OGURA ◽  
SHOUMEI LI ◽  
DAN A. RALESCU
Keyword(s):  
Integral Method ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fuzzy Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Aumann Integral ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

In this paper, we discuss the defuzzification problem. We first propose a set defuzzification method, (from a fuzzy set to a crisp set) by using the Aumann integral. From the obtained set to a point, we have two methods of defuzzification. One of these uses the mean value method and the other uses a fuzzy measure. In the first case, we compare our mean value method with the method of the center of gravity. In the second case, we compare fuzzy measure method with the Choquet integral method. We also give there a sufficient condition so that the results in the last two methods are equivalent.

On Two First Order Reliability Methods for Computing the Non-Probabilistic Reliability Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 648-652
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Index ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Method ◽  
State Function ◽  
Design Point ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

The two first order reliability methods (FORM) for computing the non-probabilistic reliability index, namely the mean-value method and the design-point method, are investigated. A performance comparison is presented between these two methods. The results show that: (1) the value of the reliability index of the mean-value method depends on the specific form of the limit state function, whereas the value of the reliability index of the design-point one does not;(2) the design-point method should be preferentially used in structural reliability assessment. The conclusions are verified by a numerical example.

scholarly journals Marine Litter in Croatian Adriatic: Sources, Quantities and Stakeholders′ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4691
Author(s):  
Marina Funduk ◽  
Pero Tutman ◽  
Anamarija Farkaš ◽  
Sanja Tišma ◽  
Ana-Maria Boromisa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method ◽  
Marine Areas

The problem of marine litter is becoming more visible in Croatia. The main goal of this paper is to investigate issues related to marine litter in the Croatian Adriatic, from the current state of sources and quantities of marine litter, through marine litter monitoring and legislation, to stakeholders’ awareness about the marine litter issue in Croatia. The topic was designed as a case study and was covered by the method of document analysis and the survey method. Quantitative analysis was done for involved stakeholders and their level of interest. The mean value method and method for stakeholder mapping for marine areas was used. In addition, an exhaustive review of Croatian marine litter studies was done. The results of the research indicate that our knowledge about marine litter sources and quantities in the Croatian Adriatic is still quite scarce and that the stakeholders in Croatia have a moderate level of interest in the marine litter issue. Conclusions indicate that in Croatia particular attention is committed to strengthening both bilateral and multilateral relations with the neighboring countries given the transboundary nature that allows marine litter to spread over long distances.

scholarly journals SELEKSI FITUR YANG BERPENGARUH MENGGUNAKAN NILAI MEAN PADA KLASIFIKASI FRAGMEN METAGENOME

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Sentikom 2019
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Value Method

Pekuwali (2018) has conducted research into the classification of metagenome fragments using spaced k-mers. Optimize the arrangement of features using Genetic Algorithms. Pekuwali (2018) concluded that the best arrangement of features or called chromosomes is 111111110001 with a fitness value of 85.42. Chromosome 111111110001 produces 336 features of extracting DNA fragments. This research aims to find out which features influence classi fi cation and the resulting accuracy. The method used is the Mean value. The mean value method was chosen because the data distribution is normal or close to normal. This study concludes that the influential features in the classification are features 22 to 27 with an accuracy of 78.83% and features 38 to 43 with an accuracy of 79.67%.    

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

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