Measurement of preliminary breakdown pulse trains in cloud-to-ground lightning using lightning locating systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Nag ◽  
Vladimir A. Rakov ◽  
Martin J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

scholarly journals Broadband analysis of chaotic pulse trains generated by negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharge

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lan ◽  
Yi-jun Zhang ◽  
Wan-sheng Dong ◽  
Wei-tao Lu ◽  
Heng-yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Investigation of Zero Crossing Detection for First Return Stroke in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Idil Abd Rahman ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Akmal Bahari ◽  
Zikri Abadi Baharudin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

The Relationship Between Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitations Ice Mass: A Radar study over Houston

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Gauthier ◽  
Walter A. Petersen ◽  
Lawrence D. Carey ◽  
Jr. Christian ◽  
Hugh J.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Attosecond intra-valence band dynamics and resonant-photoemission delays in W(110)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heinrich ◽  
T. Saule ◽  
M. Högner ◽  
Y. Cui ◽  
V. S. Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valence Band ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electronic Band Structure ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Final State ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Resonant Photoemission ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Electron Correlation Effects

AbstractTime-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with attosecond precision provides new insights into the photoelectric effect and gives information about the timing of photoemission from different electronic states within the electronic band structure of solids. Electron transport, scattering phenomena and electron-electron correlation effects can be observed on attosecond time scales by timing photoemission from valence band states against that from core states. However, accessing intraband effects was so far particularly challenging due to the simultaneous requirements on energy, momentum and time resolution. Here we report on an experiment utilizing intracavity generated attosecond pulse trains to meet these demands at high flux and high photon energies to measure intraband delays between sp- and d-band states in the valence band photoemission from tungsten and investigate final-state effects in resonant photoemission.

scholarly journals Using Interleaved Stimulation to Measure the Size and Selectivity of the Sustained Phase-Locked Neural Response to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
François Guérit ◽  
John M. Deeks ◽  
Andrew Harland ◽  
Robin Gransier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Charge Integration ◽  
Recording Electrodes ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Do So

AbstractWe measured the sustained neural response to electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant (CI). To do so, we interleaved two stimuli with frequencies F1 and F2 Hz and recorded a neural distortion response (NDR) at F2-F1 Hz. We show that, because any one time point contains only the F1 or F2 stimulus, the instantaneous nonlinearities typical of electrical artefact should not produce distortion at this frequency. However, if the stimulus is smoothed, such as by charge integration at the nerve membrane, subsequent (neural) nonlinearities can produce a component at F2-F1 Hz. We stimulated a single CI electrode with interleaved sinusoids or interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains such that F2 = 1.5F1, and found no evidence for an NDR when F2-F1 was between 90 and 120 Hz. However, interleaved amplitude-modulated pulse trains with F2-F1~40 Hz revealed a substantial NDR with a group delay of about 45 ms, consistent with a thalamic and/or cortical response. The NDR could be measured even from recording electrodes adjacent to the implant and at the highest pulse rates (> 4000 pps) used clinically. We then measured the selectivity of this sustained response by presenting F1 and F2 to different electrodes and at different between-electrode distances. This revealed a broad tuning that, we argue, reflects the overlap between the excitation elicited by the two electrodes. Our results also provide a glimpse of the neural nonlinearity in the auditory system, unaffected by the biomechanical cochlear nonlinearities that accompany acoustic stimulation. Several potential clinical applications of our findings are discussed.

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