Robust calibration marker detection in powder bed images from laser beam melting processes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joschka zur Jacobsmuhlen ◽  
Jan Achterhold ◽  
Stefan Kleszczynski ◽  
Gerd Witt ◽  
Dorit Merhof
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Marker Detection

Quantifying Powder Losses and Analyzing Powder Conditions in order to Determine Material Efficiency in Laser Beam Melting

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Lutter-Günther ◽  
Alexander Hofmann ◽  
Christoph Hauck ◽  
Christian Seidel ◽  
Gunther Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
End Use

Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is an additive manufacturing process, which is increasingly applied for the production of end use parts. One advantage of this powder bed fusion technology lies in the high material efficiency in comparison with subtractive manufacturing processes (i. e. milling, lathing). However, only few experimental studies have been conducted on the material efficiency of LBM. For the accurate evaluation of the LBM material efficiency, empirical values for powder losses are required. Furthermore, a lack of terminology for waste types and powder conditions in the context of LBM impedes communication and research on the topic. The presented paper aims to increase the understanding of material efficiency and powder conditions in Laser Beam Melting. A quantitative analysis of waste types is presented for different LBM application scenarios. This sets a basis for the ecological evaluation and comparison with conventional manufacturing processes. In order to achieve the aim, a terminology is introduced for waste types and powder conditions in the context of powder bed-based additive processes. Therefore, considerations regarding powder quality are taken into account. For the quantification of powder losses, the experimental setup and measurement results are described. Furthermore, loss types and their significance are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals A ROUND ROBIN STUDY FOR LASER BEAM MELTING IN METAL POWDER BED

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhrigu Ahuja ◽  
Adam Schaub ◽  
Daniel Junker ◽  
Michael Karg ◽  
Felix Tenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Laser Beam Melting

scholarly journals 3D Shape Analysis of Powder for Laser Beam Melting by Synchrotron X-ray CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Thiede ◽  
Tatiana Mishurova ◽  
Sergei Evsevleev ◽  
Itziar Serrano-Munoz ◽  
Christian Gollwitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Laser Beam Melting

The quality of components made by laser beam melting (LBM) additive manufacturing is naturally influenced by the quality of the powder bed. A packing density <1 and porosity inside the powder particles lead to intrinsic voids in the powder bed. Since the packing density is determined by the particle size and shape distribution, the determination of these properties is of significant interest to assess the printing process. In this work, the size and shape distribution, the amount of the particle’s intrinsic porosity, as well as the packing density of micrometric powder used for LBM, have been investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT). Two different powder batches were investigated: Ti–6Al–4V produced by plasma atomization and stainless steel 316L produced by gas atomization. Plasma atomization particles were observed to be more spherical in terms of the mean anisotropy compared to particles produced by gas atomization. The two kinds of particles were comparable in size according to the equivalent diameter. The packing density was lower (i.e., the powder bed contained more voids in between particles) for the Ti–6Al–4V particles. The comparison of the tomographic results with laser diffraction, as another particle size measurement technique, proved to be in agreement.

scholarly journals Effects of Process Conditions on the Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium Wrought Alloy EN AW-2219 (AlCu6Mn) Additively Manufactured by Laser Beam Melting in Powder Bed

Micromachines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Karg ◽  
Bhrigu Ahuja ◽  
Sebastian Wiesenmayer ◽  
Sergey Kuryntsev ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Laser Beam Melting

Effective liquid conductivity for improved simulation of thermal transport in laser beam melting powder bed technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ladani ◽  
John Romano ◽  
William Brindley ◽  
Sergei Burlatsky
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Laser Beam Melting

scholarly journals Carbon Particle In-Situ Alloying of the Case-Hardening Steel 16MnCr5 in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Matthias Schmitt ◽  
Albin Gottwalt ◽  
Jakob Winkler ◽  
Thomas Tobie ◽  
Georg Schlick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Case Hardening Steel

The carbon content of steel affects many of its essential properties, e.g., hardness and mechanical strength. In the powder bed fusion process of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), usually, pre-alloyed metal powder is solidified layer-by-layer using a laser beam to create parts. A reduction of the carbon content in steels is observed during this process. This study examines adding carbon particles to the metal powder and in situ alloying in the PBF-LB/M process as a countermeasure. Suitable carbon particles are selected and their effect on the particle size distribution and homogeneity of the mixtures is analysed. The workability in PBF-LB is then shown. This is followed by an evaluation of the resulting mechanical properties (hardness and mechanical strength) and microstructure in the as-built state and the state after heat treatment. Furthermore, potential use cases like multi-material or functionally graded parts are discussed.

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