Applications and Solutions of Virtual Marine Environment Spatio-Temporal Visualization Service

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Feng Yongxin
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Floating Marine Litter in Eastern Mediterranean From Macro to Microplastics: The Lebanese Coastal Area as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Jemaa ◽  
Celine Mahfouz ◽  
Maria Kazour ◽  
Myriam Lteif ◽  
Abed El Rahman Hassoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Despite emerging and increasing concerns related to marine micro and macroplastics, no systematic surveys have been undertaken yet in the Lebanese marine area. To understand the spatio-temporal variation of plastic litter (macro and microplastics) in the Lebanese marine environment and to determine the sources of pollution, this study investigated the characteristics of plastic pollution in sea surface waters during wet and dry seasons in 22 sites of Beirut and Tyre regions. A total of 23,023 items were identified and assessed according to the shape, color, and concentration; moreover, the risk of microplastics (MPs) contamination was explored based on a risk assessment model. The obtained results demonstrated that the average macroplastics concentration was 0.45 ± 0.6 items/m3. The average microplastics concentration was found to be 20.1 ± 21.8 and 3.78 ± 5.2 items/m3 in spring and fall respectively. During fall, MPs fragments were dominant in Beirut (97%) and Tyre (91%), and no pellets were observed. During spring, filaments were most encountered in Beirut (76.5%). The most dominant marine litter color was blue followed by black and white. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) values showed a moderate contamination of the Lebanese coast with MPs (PLI: 5.79 ± 3.93) except for several sites in Beirut that showed high values of PLI, highlighting the local influence of cities and rivers on MPs concentration. This study serves as an important baseline for understanding the characteristics of the seasonal variation of MPs along the Lebanese marine environment; it will help stakeholders and countries to take proactive and reactive actions to face plastic litter pollution in the Lebanese coastal area.

scholarly journals Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hopwood ◽  
Dustin Carroll ◽  
Thorben Dunse ◽  
Andy Hodson ◽  
Johnna M. Holding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Marine Biogeochemistry ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have improved our knowledge of glacier–ocean interactions in recent years, especially with respect to fjord/ocean circulation, there are extensive knowledge gaps concerning how glaciers affect marine biogeochemistry and productivity. Following two cross-cutting disciplinary International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) workshops addressing the importance of glaciers for the marine ecosystem, here we review the state of the art concerning how freshwater discharge affects the marine environment with a specific focus on marine biogeochemistry and biological productivity. Using a series of Arctic case studies (Nuup Kangerlua/Godthåbsfjord, Kongsfjorden, Kangerluarsuup Sermia/Bowdoin Fjord, Young Sound and Sermilik Fjord), the interconnected effects of freshwater discharge on fjord–shelf exchange, nutrient availability, the carbonate system, the carbon cycle and the microbial food web are investigated. Key findings are that whether the effect of glacier discharge on marine primary production is positive or negative is highly dependent on a combination of factors. These include glacier type (marine- or land-terminating), fjord–glacier geometry and the limiting resource(s) for phytoplankton growth in a specific spatio-temporal region (light, macronutrients or micronutrients). Arctic glacier fjords therefore often exhibit distinct discharge–productivity relationships, and multiple case-studies must be considered in order to understand the net effects of glacier discharge on Arctic marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Long-Term Spatio-Temporal Trends of Organotin Contaminations in the Marine Environment of Hong Kong

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0155632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. Y. Ho ◽  
Guang-Jie Zhou ◽  
Elvis G. B. Xu ◽  
Xinhong Wang ◽  
Kenneth M. Y. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatio Temporal

A Service-Oriented Spatio-Temporal Data Model of the Marine Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4543-4546
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Yong Xin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Data Organization ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Spatio Temporal

On the basis of analyzing of the marine environment spatio-temporal data characteristics and the existing data model, proposes a conceptual model for marine environment data based on the feature and field to achieve integration of description and expression of feature, field, time, space and semantic domains. Designs and implements the service-oriented marine environment data organization and storage using Geography Markup Language (GML). Efficient data organization and management is crucial to marine environment visual services.

Bioaccumulation of trace metals by red alga Corallina elongata in the coast of Beni Saf, west coast, Algeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Continental Origin

The aim of present research was to study the accumulation of trace metals s (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Co) by the red alga Corallina elongata, collected in four sampling sites located in the Beni saf coast (Algerian west coast), where two of them are characterized by discharges of urban effluents or from port activity, and the two others are seaside resorts. The differences were observed between sampling sites for the presence some heavy metals. Indeed, it appears that the bioaccumulation of Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb by red alga is from continental origin, such as discharges of urban effluents or those derived from port activity. However, the accumulation of Zn, Co, Cr by this alga is not influenced by the surrounding environment, or that the bioavailability of these elements is lower, therefore, it seems that bioaccumulation of these metals by Corallina elongata is influenced by other factors. The spatio-temporal variations show that the accumulation of metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb in the red alga is highest in summer. However, the concentration of Co and Cd tend to be accumulated in the alga, in winter. The Fe concentration was a good predictor of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni,V accumulation in this species of alga. A strong correlation was observed between Fe and Mn, which confirms the big similarity of their biochemical roles, already known in the marine environment. However, Zn inhibits Cd accumulation in red alga. Our study shows that heavy metal accumulation is associated with nature of the metal, degree of contamination of sampling site, physicochemical properties of the marine environment and the season.

Spatio-temporal patterns in microplastic pollution of surface waters and sediments within the R. Thames (UK) and its tributaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Skalska ◽  
Annie Ockelford ◽  
James E. Ebdon ◽  
Andrew B. Cundy
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>It is currently predicted that rivers deliver as much as 80% of plastic waste into the marine environment, including microplastics (MP) <5 mm in size. Yet, the transfer mechanisms of MP in river systems remain poorly understood. While high flow events are thought to flush more microplastics into marine waters, their overall load may depend on factors such as river morphology, land-use, or local MP sources.</p><p>Microplastic concentrations were monitored on a seasonal basis (summer 2019 - winter 2020/2021) across 13 sites located across the R. Thames catchment, UK. Sites were selected to include rural, urban and industrial locations with different hydrological characteristics and proximities to potential MP inputs (e.g. sewage or industrial effluents). At each site, bed sediment samples were manually extracted (n=55 samples), and surface water samples collected in 5 L clean polyethylene bottles (n=22 samples) and using a 500-µm plankton net (n=12 samples). Microplastics were extracted from sediment and plankton net samples using density flotation, whilst bulk water samples were filtered with no prior extraction steps. All samples were visually inspected under a stereomicroscope and their morphology recorded. The chemical composition is to be further investigated using µFTIR as part of future research.</p><p>Sediment and water samples likely contained MP from different sources (e.g. in-situ breakdown of plastic litter, sewage effluent), which was reflected in the varying MP shapes and loads observed at the study sites. Microplastic levels ranged from <LoD (limit of detection) to 381 MP·100 g<sup>-1</sup> in sediments, <LoD to 16 MP ·L<sup>-1</sup> in bulk water samples and <LoD to 2 MP·m<sup>-3</sup> in plankton net samples and were highest at sites downstream of known sewage inputs. There was also a clear variation in particle shapes and levels with respect to site, with fibres and fragments representing the dominant MP type present along urban river stretches, and microbeads most abundant near industrial locations.</p><p>Microplastic levels varied on a temporal basis in both surface waters and sediments. Increasing river discharge generally had a diluting effect on MP levels observed in the water column (mean levels of 5 MP·L<sup>-1</sup> and 2 MP·L<sup>-1</sup> in summer 2019 and winter 2020, respectively). Mean microplastic levels in sediments also decreased from 15.1 MP·100 g<sup>-1</sup> in the summer to 9.4 MP·100 g<sup>-1 </sup>in the winter, although some local increases in microplastic pollution were observed during high flow period, particularly at sites situated in close proximity to reported sewage discharges (e.g. from Combined Sewer Overflows).</p><p>This study is one of the first few to report spatio-temporal variations in microplastic contamination of both river water and sediments. Our early findings suggest that variability in MP levels and composition in both media may correspond to local pollution sources, and plastic particles could be released from surface sediments during periods of increased precipitation, even in the absence of flooding. Understanding such patterns in MP flux will be crucial to accurately model plastic loads from terrestrial to marine environment and implement effective mitigation measures.</p>

E3 ubiquitin ligases

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Ardley ◽  
Philip A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The selectivity of the ubiquitin–26 S proteasome system (UPS) for a particular substrate protein relies on the interaction between a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2, of which a cell contains relatively few) and a ubiquitin–protein ligase (E3, of which there are possibly hundreds). Post-translational modifications of the protein substrate, such as phosphorylation or hydroxylation, are often required prior to its selection. In this way, the precise spatio-temporal targeting and degradation of a given substrate can be achieved. The E3s are a large, diverse group of proteins, characterized by one of several defining motifs. These include a HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus), RING (really interesting new gene) or U-box (a modified RING motif without the full complement of Zn2+-binding ligands) domain. Whereas HECT E3s have a direct role in catalysis during ubiquitination, RING and U-box E3s facilitate protein ubiquitination. These latter two E3 types act as adaptor-like molecules. They bring an E2 and a substrate into sufficiently close proximity to promote the substrate's ubiquitination. Although many RING-type E3s, such as MDM2 (murine double minute clone 2 oncoprotein) and c-Cbl, can apparently act alone, others are found as components of much larger multi-protein complexes, such as the anaphase-promoting complex. Taken together, these multifaceted properties and interactions enable E3s to provide a powerful, and specific, mechanism for protein clearance within all cells of eukaryotic organisms. The importance of E3s is highlighted by the number of normal cellular processes they regulate, and the number of diseases associated with their loss of function or inappropriate targeting.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

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