Scale-Free Property in Large Scale Object-Oriented Software and Its Significance on Software Engineering

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yao ◽  
Song Huang ◽  
Zheng-ping Ren ◽  
Xiao-ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Scale Free

Propagation and stability in software: A complex network perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Small World ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Small World Networks ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Scale Free Networks

In this paper, we attempt to understand the propagation and stability feature of large-scale complex software from the perspective of complex networks. Specifically, we introduced the concept of "propagation scope" to investigate the problem of change propagation in complex software. Although many complex software networks exhibit clear "small-world" and "scale-free" features, we found that the propagation scope of complex software networks is much lower than that of small-world networks and scale-free networks. Furthermore, because the design of complex software always obeys the principles of software engineering, we introduced the concept of "edge instability" to quantify the structural difference among complex software networks, small-world networks and scale-free networks. We discovered that the edge instability distribution of complex software networks is different from that of small-world networks and scale-free networks. We also found a typical structure that contributes to the edge instability distribution of complex software networks. Finally, we uncovered the correlation between propagation scope and edge instability in complex networks by eliminating the edges with different instability ranges.

Extraction and Analysis of Crucial Fraction in Software Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 617-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xin Ge ◽  
Li-Ying Hao ◽  
Hai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Small World ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Strong Connectivity ◽  
Scale Free

Many complex systems, such as software systems, are full of complexity arising from interactions among basic units (such as classes, interfaces and struts in object-oriented software systems). One of the most successful approaches to capture the underlying structural features of large-scale software systems is the investigation of hierarchical organization. However, the hierarchy of software networks has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, the crucial fraction (CF) in software networks has been extracted and analyzed in a set of real-world software systems. First, the classes and the relationships between them have been extracted into software networks. Then software networks have been divided into different layers, and CF of software networks has been extracted by k-core. The empirical studies in this paper reveal that software networks represent flat hierarchical structure. Finally, CF has been measured by the relevant complex network parameters respectively, and the relations between CF and overall network have been analyzed by the case studies of software networks. The results show that CF represents characteristics of scale-free, small-world, strong connectivity, and the units in CF are frequently reused and dominate the overall system.

An object-oriented optimization framework for large-scale inverse problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 104790
Author(s):  
Ettore Biondi ◽  
Guillaume Barnier ◽  
Robert G. Clapp ◽  
Francesco Picetti ◽  
Stuart Farris
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Optimization Framework

scholarly journals Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Wainio-Theberge ◽  
Annemarie Wolff ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

AbstractSpontaneous neural activity fluctuations have been shown to influence trial-by-trial variation in perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. However, the complex electrophysiological mechanisms by which these fluctuations shape stimulus-evoked neural activity remain largely to be explored. Employing a large-scale magnetoencephalographic dataset and an electroencephalographic replication dataset, we investigate the relationship between spontaneous and evoked neural activity across a range of electrophysiological variables. We observe that for high-frequency activity, high pre-stimulus amplitudes lead to greater evoked desynchronization, while for low frequencies, high pre-stimulus amplitudes induce larger degrees of event-related synchronization. We further decompose electrophysiological power into oscillatory and scale-free components, demonstrating different patterns of spontaneous-evoked correlation for each component. Finally, we find correlations between spontaneous and evoked time-domain electrophysiological signals. Overall, we demonstrate that the dynamics of multiple electrophysiological variables exhibit distinct relationships between their spontaneous and evoked activity, a result which carries implications for experimental design and analysis in non-invasive electrophysiology.

scholarly journals UML Diagrams in Software Engineering Research: A Systematic Literature Review

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Hatice Koç ◽  
Ali Mert Erdoğan ◽  
Yousef Barjakly ◽  
Serhat Peker
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Modelling Language ◽  
Design Models ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Unified Modelling Language ◽  
Visual Models ◽  
Uml Diagrams ◽  
Software Engineering Research

Software engineering is a discipline utilizing Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams, which are accepted as a standard to depict object-oriented design models. UML diagrams make it easier to identify the requirements and scopes of systems and applications by providing visual models. In this manner, this study aims to systematically review the literature on UML diagram utilization in software engineering research. A comprehensive review was conducted over the last two decades, spanning from 2000 to 2019. Among several papers, 128 were selected and examined. The main findings showed that UML diagrams were mostly used for the purpose of design and modeling, and class diagrams were the most commonly used ones.

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