scholarly journals Estimating Disease Onset Time by Modeling Lab Result Trajectories via Bayes Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonsuk Oh ◽  
Pranjul Yadav ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Pedro J. Caraballo ◽  
M. Regina Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Bayes Networks

scholarly journals Ventricular volume expansion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (18) ◽  
pp. e1699-e1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara P. Tavares ◽  
Derek G.V. Mitchell ◽  
Kristy Coleman ◽  
Christen Shoesmith ◽  
Robert Bartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Mri Scans

ObjectiveTo characterize the time course of ventricular volume expansion in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and identify the onset time and rates of ventricular expansion in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers.MethodsParticipants included patients with a mutation in MAPT, PGRN, or C9orf72, or first-degree relatives of mutation carriers from the GENFI study with MRI scans at study baseline and at 1 year follow-up. Ventricular volumes were obtained from MRI scans using FreeSurfer, with manual editing of segmentation and comparison to fully automated segmentation to establish reliability. Linear mixed models were used to identify differences in ventricular volume and in expansion rates as a function of time to expected disease onset between presymptomatic carriers and noncarriers.ResultsA total of 123 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (18 symptomatic carriers, 46 presymptomatic mutation carriers, and 56 noncarriers). Ventricular volume differences were observed 4 years prior to symptom disease onset for presymptomatic carriers compared to noncarriers. Annualized rates of ventricular volume expansion were greater in presymptomatic carriers relative to noncarriers. Importantly, time-intensive manually edited and fully automated ventricular volume resulted in similar findings.ConclusionsVentricular volume differences are detectable in presymptomatic genetic FTD. Concordance of results from time-intensive manual editing and fully automatic segmentation approaches support its value as a measure of disease onset and progression in future studies in both presymptomatic and symptomatic genetic FTD.

scholarly journals The influence of circadian variation in ischemic stroke onset on the evolution of cognitive status

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Dana Marieta FODOR ◽  
Ioana Cristina STANESCU ◽  
Nicoleta TOHANEAN ◽  
Lăcrămioara PERJU-DUMBRAVA
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospital ◽  
Frequency Peak ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. It is already known and accepted that cerebrovascular disease onset has a temporal variation pattern, the best documented being the circadian variation pattern, with a frequency peak in the morning and a second lower peak during afternoon. The impact of this circadian variation on post-stroke cognitive status has been little studied. Materials and method. The study included a cohort of 63 patients with ischemic stroke, admitted to the Neurology Departments I and II of the Rehabilitation Hospital in Cluj-Napoca between 1 June 2008 and 1 June 2009, who were evaluated for their cognitive status over 2 years, during 5 successive visits. The onset time of ischemic stroke was assigned to one of the six-hour intervals: 00.01-06.00 (night), 06.01-12.00 (morning), 12.01-18.00 (afternoon), and 18.01-24.00 (evening). Statistical analysis was performed using Excel Microsoft, descriptive and ANOVA test. Results and conclusions. The circadian variation pattern of stroke onset is confirming in our study the known incidence pattern of ischemic stroke, with the morning peak. There are differences in the evolution during dynamics of the MMSE score depending on the time of the day when stroke occurs. Patients with stroke onset during the night have seems to have a less favorable cognitive evolution in the second year after ischemic stroke compared to patients with stroke onset during the other intervals of the day.

To test or not to test: what is the value of knowing?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
John Rizzo ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a conceptual model for understanding the impact of the “value of knowing”, defined as the value of information from medical tests exclusive of treatment or life-planning decisions on a patient’s decision to undergo testing.  We draw upon the behavioral economic, loss-aversion, cost-benefit and willingness-to-pay literatures to develop a mathematical model of how a medical diagnostic test affects patients’ sense of wellbeing and how this phenomenon affects their decision to undergo testing.  The model allows simultaneous evaluation of the impact of baseline (pre-test) disease risk, test inaccuracy, prior information, worrying over disease onset, time preference and the degree of loss aversion on patients’ net assessment of the value of knowing.  We then simulate the net value of knowing under alternative hypothetical scenarios about test accuracy and patient characteristics.              Patients agree to testing when the expected benefits from good news (measured by willingness to pay) exceed the psychic costs of bad news (measured by willingness to accept).  The value of knowing from testing is shown to depend on test accuracy, pre-test disease risk, the patient’s discount rate, time to disease onset and the patient’s aversion to receiving bad news (loss).  Simulation results indicate that the value of knowing increases (and testing becomes more likely) when: tests are more accurate; the baseline expectation of a positive test is low and the adverse consequences of a positive test are either small or occur far in the future or patients do not worry about onset of future disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Date, Host Cultivar, and Race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris on Development of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
Bernhard Hau ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Over Time

Microplots experiments were carried out at Córdoba, southern Spain, from 1986 to 1989 to determine the effects of sowing date in the management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea as influenced by virulence of the pathogen race and by cultivar susceptibility. A total of 108 epidemics of the disease were described, analyzed, and compared to assess the degree of disease control. The epidemics were characterized by five curve elements: final disease intensity index (DII), standardized area under DII progress curve, time to epidemic onset, time to inflection point (tip), and the DII value at tip, the last two parameters being estimates from the Richards function adjusted by nonlinear regression analysis. The structure of Fusarium wilt epidemics was examined by conducting multivariate principal components and cluster analyses. From these analyses, three factors accounting for 98 to 99% of the total variance characterized the DII progress curves and provided plausible epidemiological interpretations. The first factor included the tip and the time to disease onset and can be interpreted as a positional factor over time. This factor accounted for the largest proportion of the total variance and may, therefore, be considered as the main factor for analysis of Fusarium wilt epidemics. The second factor concerns the standardized area under DII progress curves and the final DII of the epidemics. The third factor identified the uniqueness of the estimated value for the point of inflection of the DII progress curve over time. Our results indicate that for each year of experiment epidemic development was related mainly to the date of sowing. Thus, for chickpea crops in southern Spain, advancing the sowing date from early spring to early winter can slow down the development of Fusarium wilt epidemics, delay the epidemic onset, and minimize the final amount of disease. However, the net effect of this disease management practice may also be influenced, though to a lesser extent, by the susceptibility of the chickpea cultivar and the virulence and inoculum density of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race.

scholarly journals Canine atopic dermatitis in the Middle East: clinical signs, signalment and common allergens

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zur ◽  
I. Skorinsky ◽  
T. Bdolah-Abram
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
German Shepherd Dog

  The aim of the study was to examine for the first time the various aspects of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) presenting in a Middle Eastern country. Medical records of 164 dogs diagnosed with CAD were evaluated. Associations between signalment, lifestyle, clinical signs and allergens were evaluated statistically. Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd dog, Boxer, French Bulldog, Golden Retriever and Shar-Pei breeds were presented more frequently than the regular hospital population (P < 0.0001), and had an earlier disease onset time (P < 0.01). In 22 dogs (13%) signs of CAD were noticed at less than six months of age. Most dogs (75%) lived indoors. Most dogs (83%) had lesions on the ventral part of the body and 68% had foot lesions. After excluding flea allergy dermatitis by implementing strict flea control, 60% of the dogs presented with dorsal distribution of skin lesions. Dogs with ventral lesions were younger when clinical signs first appeared (P < 0.05). Most of the dogs were allergic to dust and/or dust mites (75.6%), with weeds and trees as the next most common allergens. CAD is similar worldwide, but geographic differences may be attributable to genetic pools and allergen loading. This study also shows that early onset of clinical signs, especially in breeds predisposed to CAD and with a dorsal distribution of skin lesions, should not rule out the diagnosis of CAD.  

scholarly journals Epidemic of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outside of Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Song ◽  
Xinyan Liu ◽  
Chunting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Diagnosis Delay ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Female Ratio

Abstract Background The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019. Beside from Hubei Province, no large-scale epidemiological data are available. The purpose of the study is to investigate the epidemiology of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Shandong province, China. Methods Data were obtained from the Epidemic Daily Report Network. Confirmed patients and suspected cases in Shandong were included in the analysis. Data including age, sex, address, time of disease onset, time of diagnosis, and sources of transmission were collected. Results By February 13 th , 2020, 518 patients in Shandong province were formally confirmed with COVID-19 with an additional 78 suspected. Most of the confirmed patients were young or middle-aged (mean: 42.6 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1. Among the 596 patients, 29.2% had a history of traveling in Hubei within 14 days. There were 99 cluster outbreaks and 5.23 cases were transmitted by one cluster outbreak. Among the confirmed patients, 17 patients (3.3%) had critical pneumonia, 36 (6.9%) had severe pneumonia and no deaths reported. Conclusions Considering the collective confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-Cov-2 in Shandong by February 13 th , 2020, males and the young and middle-aged populations were more frequently affected by the virus, which was most commonly transmitted through cluster outbreaks. Since the initial case of SARS-Cov-2 was identified, the onset-diagnosis delay was reduced with time.

scholarly journals Juvenile diabetes eye complications and treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 729-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Dujic ◽  
Zora Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
The Mean

Background/Aim. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to explore the prognosis of patients with juvenile DM regarding diabetic eye complications, as well as the course of the diabetic eye disease related to the treatment undertaken. Methods. The study series involved 33 patients with juvenile DM during the period 1992-2007. The influence of the following factors on the course of the disease was estimated: age, the age of the disease onset, time when eye complications appeared, treatment modalities. Results. Of the total of 33 diabetics 15 patients were followed for 10 or more years and 18 from 5 to 9 years. At the time of their first visit the mean age was 23.12 ? 6.39 and the mean duration of DM was 17.42 ? 7.42 years. On their first visit, 7 eyes were without any complication. Most of the patients already developed clinical signs of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (41.39%), the signs of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (13.13%) and macula involvement (10.10%). Diabetic cataract was found in 8.8% as well as tractional retinal detachment. Eleven out of 66 eyes were with vitreous hemorrhage. Two patients (5.5%) suffered neovascular glaucoma. There was 1 (2.2%) patient with developed rubeosis iridis and simplex glaucoma. Panretinal photocoagulation was performed in 65% of patients, focal photocoagulation in 15%, 12% patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and 4% had cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and peripheral retinal kryopexy. Conclusion. Total vision loss due to eye complications of juvenile DM may be prevented if timely diagnosed with regular check ups and early treatment.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the length of hospital stay after laparoscopic appendectomy: A single center study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243575
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
Yuanxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendectomy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Stump Closure ◽  
Wbc Count

Aim This study aimed to explore factors may affect the length of hospital stay after laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods The data of 636 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy between July 2016 and July 2019 in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into group A (hospital stay ≤3 days, 348 patients) and group B (hospital stay >3 days, 288 patients) according to their hospital stay.Sex, age, disease onset time(time from onset to admission), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, peritonitis, comorbidities, and history of appendicitis; preoperative body temperature (T), white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage of neutrophilic granulocytes, and preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level; time from diagnosis to surgery. appendix diameter, appendicolith, and ascites in ultrasound or CT; surgical time(the surgery start time was the time of skin incision, and the end time was the time the anesthesia intubation was removed), intraoperative blood loss (the volume of blood infiltrating into a gauze was calculated by weighing the gauze infiltrated with water and calculating the volume of water), intraoperative adhesions or effusions, and stump closure methods, convert to open appendectomy, appendix pathology(perforated or gangrenous appendicitis were defined as complicated appendicitis and simple or suppurative appendicitis were defined as uncomplicated appendicitis) and antibiotic treatment schemes were analyzed. Results Significant differences were detected between group A and group B in age (37.10 ± 13.52y vs 42.94 ± 15.57y, P<0.01), disease onset time (21.36 ± 16.56 h vs 32.52 ± 27.99 h, P <0.01), time from diagnosis to surgery (8.63 ± 7.29 h vs 10.70 ± 8.47 h, P<0.01); surgical time(64.09 ± 17.24 min vs 86.19 ± 39.96 min, P < 0.01); peritonitis(52.9% vs 74%, P < 0.01), comorbidities (12.4% vs 20.5%, P < 0.01), appendicolith (27.6% vs 41.7%, P < 0.01), ascites before the surgery(13.8% vs 22.9%, P < 0.01), intraoperative adhesions or effusions(56% vs 80.2%, P < 0.01); preoperative temperature (37.11 ± 0.64°C vs 37.54 ± 0.90°C, P < 0.01); preoperative WBC count (13.06 ± 3.39 × 109/L vs 14.21 ± 4.54 × 109/L, P = 0.04);preoperative CRP level(18.99 ± 31.72 mg/L vs 32.46 ± 46.68 mg/L, P < 0.01); appendix diameter(10.22 ± 2.59 mm vs 11.26 ± 3.23 mm, P < 0.01); intraoperative blood loss (9.36 ± 7.29 mL vs 13.74 ± 13.49 mL, P < 0.01); using Hem-o-lok for stump closure(30.7% vs 38.5%, P = 0.04); complicated appendicitis (9.5% vs 45.8%, P < 0.01); and using ertapenem for antibiotic treatment after the surgery(4.3% vs 21.5%, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (OR = 1.021; 95%CI = 1.007–1.036), peritonitis (OR = 1.603; 95% CI = 1.062–2.419), preoperative WBC count (OR = 1.084; 95% CI = 1.025–1.046), preoperative CRP level (OR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.005–1.015), time from diagnosis to surgery (OR = 1.043; 95% CI = 1.015–1.072), appendicolith (OR = 1.852; 95% CI = 1.222–2.807), complicated appendicitis (OR = 3.536; 95% CI = 2.132–5.863), surgical time (OR = 1.025; 95% CI = 1.016–1.034), use of Hem-o-lok for stump closure (OR = 1.894; 95% CI = 1.257–2.852), and use of ertapenem for antibiotic treatment (OR = 3.076; 95% CI = 1.483–6.378) were the risk factors for a prolonged hospital stay. Conclusions The patient with appendicitis was older and had peritonitis, higher preoperative WBC count or CRP level, longer time from diagnosis to surgery, appendicolith, and complicated appendicitis, predicting a prolonged hospital stay. Shorter surgical time and the use of silk ligation for stump closure and cephalosporins + metronidazole for antibiotic treatment might be better choices to obtain a shorter hospital stay.

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