Semi-incremental Recognition of Online Handwritten Mathematical Expressions

Author(s):  
Khanh Minh Phan ◽  
Anh Duc Le ◽  
Masaki Nakagawa
Author(s):  
Khanh Minh Phan ◽  
Anh Duc Le ◽  
Bipin Indurkhya ◽  
Masaki Nakagawa

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lontin ◽  
Muhammad Khan

AbstractPhenomena of friction, wear, and noise in mechanical contacts are particularly important in the field of tribomechanics but equally complex if one wants to represent their exact relationship with mathematical models. Efforts have been made to describe these phenomena with different approaches in past. These efforts have been compiled in different reviews but most of them treated friction, wear mechanics, and acoustic noise separately. However, an in-depth review that provides a critical analysis on their interdependencies is still missing. In this review paper, the interdependencies of friction, wear, and noise are analysed in the mechanical contacts at asperitical level. The origin of frictional noise, its dependencies on contact’s mechanical properties, and its performance under different wear conditions are critically reviewed. A discussion on the existing mathematical models of friction and wear is also provided in the last section that leads to uncover the gap in the existing literature. This review concludes that still a comprehensive analytical modelling approach is required to relate the interdependencies of friction, noise, and wear with mathematical expressions.


1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Sen Yan ◽  
Frank Harary

One of the major steps in the development of a systematic design methodology for the creative design of vehicle mechanisms is to obtain all possible link assortments, and then to generate the catalogs of kinematic chains. If the generalized mathematical expressions for the maximum value M of the maximum number of joints incident to a link of kinematic chains with N links and J joints can be derived, the process of solving link assortments can be more systematic. Using elementary concepts of graph theory, we derived explicit relationships for M for two regions of the J-N plane.


2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Ntakpe ◽  
Gilbert Rainer Gillich ◽  
Florian Muntean ◽  
Zeno Iosif Praisach ◽  
Peter Lorenz

This paper presents a novel non-destructive method to locate and size damages in frame structures, performed by examining and interpreting changes in measured vibration response. The method bases on a relation, prior contrived by the authors, between the strain energy distribution in the structure for the transversal vibration modes and the modal changes (in terms of natural frequencies) due to damage. Using this relation a damage location indicator DLI was derived, which permits to locate cracks in spatial structures. In this paper an L-frame is considered for proving the applicability of this method. First the mathematical expressions for the modes shapes and their derivatives were determined and simulation result compared with that obtained by finite element analysis. Afterwards patterns characterizing damage locations were derived and compared with measurement results on the real structure; the DLI permitted accurate localization of any crack placed in the two structural elements.


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