An Improved Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol for Industrial Wireless Networks

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Xu ◽  
Xiaotong Zhang ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Guangrong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Industrial Wireless Networks ◽  
Flooding Time ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Secured flooding time synchronization protocol with moderator

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding-Jie Huang ◽  
Wei-Chung Teng ◽  
Kai-Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Flooding Time ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh-An Phan ◽  
Taejoon Kim ◽  
Taehong Kim ◽  
JaeSeang Lee ◽  
Jae-Hyun Ham
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Message Delay ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
Error Accumulation ◽  
Flooding Time ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The time synchronization protocol is indispensable in various applications of wireless sensor networks, such as scheduling, monitoring, and tracking. Numerous protocols and algorithms have been proposed in recent decades, and many of them provide micro-scale resolutions. However, designing and implementing a time synchronization protocol in a practical wireless network is very challenging compared to implementation in a wired network; this is because its performance can be deteriorated significantly by many factors, including hardware quality, message delay jitter, ambient environment, and network topology. In this study, we measure the performance of the Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) and Gradient Time Synchronization Protocol (GTSP) in terms of practical network conditions, such as message delay jitter, synchronization period, network topology, and packet loss. This study provides insights into the operation and optimization of time synchronization protocols. In addition, the performance evaluation identifies that FTSP is highly affected by message delay jitter due to error accumulation over multi-hops. We demonstrate that the proposed extended version of the FTSP (E-FTSP) alleviates the effect of message delay jitter and enhances the overall performance of FTSP in terms of error, time, and other factors.

scholarly journals Real-Time Performance Evaluation for Flooding and Recursive Time Synchronization Protocols over Arduino and XBee

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek R. Sheltami ◽  
Danish Sattar ◽  
Elhadi M. Shakshuki ◽  
Ashraf S. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Flooding Time ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Time synchronization is a crucial part of distributed systems. It is often required for data reliability and coordination in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless sensor networks have three major goals: time synchronization, low bandwidth operation, and energy efficiency. Different time synchronization algorithms are aimed at achieving these objectives using various methods. This paper presents performance evaluation of two state-of-the-art time synchronization protocols, namely, Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol and Recursive Time Synchronization Protocol. To achieve time synchronization in wireless sensor networks, these two protocols make use of broadcast and peer-to-peer mechanisms. Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol uses the former mechanism, while Recursive Time Synchronization Protocol uses the latter mechanism. To perform the performance evaluation, three performance metrics are used including synchronization message count per cycle, bandwidth, and convergence time. Arduino is used as a micro-controller and XBee as transceiver to verify these metrics by utilizing different topologies.

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