Prevalence of Plasmid Mediated Multi Drug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hospital Environment at Bangalore, India

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Tharannum ◽  
J. Nithya ◽  
T.S. Manjula
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Mechanistic insights into synergy between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gaurav ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Sandeep K. Shrivastava ◽  
Ranjana Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen due to its capacity to persist in the hospital environment. It has a high mortality rate and few treatment options. Antibiotic combinations can help to fight multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, but they are rarely used in the clinics and mostly unexplored. The interaction between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are mostly reported as antagonism based on the results obtained in the susceptible model laboratory strain Escherichia coli. However, in the present study, we report a synergistic interaction between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical multi-drug resistant A. baumannii and E. coli. Here we provide mechanistic insight into this dichotomy. The synergistic combination was studied by checkerboard assay and time-kill curve analysis. We also elucidate the mechanism behind this synergy using several techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, morphometric analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline combination displayed synergy against most of the MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and E. coli but not against susceptible isolates. Finally, we demonstrate that this combination is also effective in vivo in an A. baumannii/Caenorhabditis elegans infection model (p < 0.001)

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Adult Hospitalized Patients in “Mother Theresa” Hospital Center in Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Blerta Kika ◽  
Erjona Abazaj ◽  
Oltiana Petri ◽  
Andi Koraqi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Hospital Center

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical specimens hospitalized to “Mother Theresa” Hospital Center for 2 years. METHODS: We isolated and identified S. aureus on 356 clinical specimens using standard tests. Furthermore, for further accurate microbial identification, we have to use the VITEK® 2 system. The samples were tested to detect the presence of MRSA by a slide latex agglutination kit for the rapid detection of PBP2. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of S. aureus in patients was 34.2%. The prevalence of MRSA was 20.5% of cases. Of the MRSA isolates identified in this study, 28% were susceptible to antibiotics, 24% demonstrated intermediate resistance, and 48% were multi-drug resistant with resistance to nineteen antibiotics involved in the examination. In addition, seven of the 25 MRSA cases showed 100% resistance to norfloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of S. aureus in hospitalized patients on this study was 34.2% and the MRSA 20.5%. These results indicated that this type of infection is a significant concern for health services and patients included. A screening of all hospitalized cases can lead to reduce the incidence of this infection in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals The Spread of Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiellapneumoniae in Iran: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amin Sadeghi Dousari ◽  
Naghmeh Satarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Severe Infections

Introduction: The emergence and global spread of carbapenemases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious problem to health services worldwide. K. pneumoniae, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and environment, especially in the hospital environment. Carbapenem is administered as the first treatment for severe infections created by multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae. Despite the fact that the carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae has become more prevalent in Iran, few investigations have probed into the prevalence of different carbapenemase genes in Iran. Method: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes in K. pneumoniae from 2010 to 2018 in Iran. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for the articles published between 2010 and 2018 in Iran. Results: A total of 25 papers published between 2012 and 2018 were selected. The highest frequency of blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC and, blaOXA48 genes were related to cities of Shiraz in 2017 [23 (26.14%)], Hamedan in 2017 [2 (50%)], Babol in 2015 [15 (41.66%)], Isfahan in 2013 [65 (44.83%)] and, and Isfahan in 2018 [90 (76.27%)], respectively. The results showed that the frequency of blaNDM, blaOXA48, and blaIMP genes increased in 2017 and 2018, and there was an increase in the frequency of the blaVIM gene in 2014 and 2015, and the blaKPC gene in 2013. The highest percentage of carbapenemases genes isolated in Iran were related to blaKPC [145 (37.08%)], blaOXA48 [118 (30.18%)], and blaNDM [88 (22.51%)], and the lowest percentages were reported in blaIMP [4 (1.02%)], and blaVIM [36 (9.21%)], respectively. Conclusion: The results of our review showed that blaNDM and blaOXA48 carbapenemase genes have been increasing in Iran, and it seems that traveling is one of the most important factors in the transmission of carbapenemase genes.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant coagulase negative cocci in non-hospital environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Daniel Don Nwibo ◽  
Suresh Panthee ◽  
Hiroshi Hamamoto ◽  
Kazuhisa Sekimizu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of copper sulfate against multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens isolated from clinical samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Benhalima ◽  
Sandra Amri ◽  
Mourad Bensouilah ◽  
Rachid Ouzrout
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Background and Objective: With the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the hospital acquired infection, the interest for antimicrobial agents has recently increased again in public health. Copper is recommended as a supplementary method of increasing biological safety in the hospital environment. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of copper sulfate salts on strains of bacterial pathogens isolated from different clinical pictures in different health establishment in Algeria. Methods: A total of 25 different bacterial isolates (16 Enterobacteriaceae, 5 Staphylococci, and 4 Pseudomonas) were tested for susceptibility to copper sulfate using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC-Cu) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC-Cu) determinations. All isolates were also tested for susceptibility to six antibiotics. Results: Antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed that 100% of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Fifty two percent of isolates were very susceptible to copper sulfate, with MICs ranging from 100 to 200 µg/ml. MBC-Cu = 1600 μg/ml showed the best bactericidal effect against the great majority of studied bacteria (52%). A good bactericidal activities of copper sulfate were recorded against Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus (MBC/MIC=1). The Gram-negative bacteria isolates which were copper resistant also showed a high resistance to chloramphenicol (r=0.78) and Trimethoprime (r=0.61). Furthermore, the strains that were no-susceptible to three different antimicrobial classes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) were not resistant to copper sulfate. Conclusion: Copper sulfate salts has significant antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.336 How to cite this:Benhalima L, Amri S, Bensouilah M, Ouzrout R. Antibacterial effect of copper sulfate against multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens isolated from clinical samples. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.336 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Migration of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-Producing Enterobacter cloacae through Wastewater Pipework and Establishment in Hospital Sink Waste Traps in a Laboratory Model System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Paz Aranega-Bou ◽  
Nicholas Ellaby ◽  
Matthew J. Ellington ◽  
Ginny Moore
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Model System ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽  
Before And After

Sink waste traps and drains are a reservoir for multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in the hospital environment. It has been suggested that these bacteria can migrate through hospital plumbing. Hospital waste traps were installed in a laboratory model system where sinks were connected through a common wastewater pipe. Enterobacterales populations were monitored using selective culture, MALDI-TOF identification and antibiotic resistance profiling before and after a wastewater backflow event. When transfer between sinks was suspected, isolates were compared using whole-genome sequencing. Immediately after the wastewater backflow, two KPC-producing Enterobacter cloacae were recovered from a waste trap in which Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) had not been detected previously. The isolates belonged to ST501 and ST31 and were genetically indistinguishable to those colonising sinks elsewhere in the system. Following inter-sink transfer, KPC-producing E. cloacae ST501 successfully integrated into the microbiome of the recipient sink and was detected in the waste trap water at least five months after the backflow event. Seven weeks and three months after the backflow, other inter-sink transfers involving Escherichia coli ST5295 and KPC-producing E. cloacae ST501 were also observed.

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