scholarly journals A Goal-Based Approach to Guide the Design of an Abstract Event-B Specification

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahman Matoussi ◽  
Frédéríc Gervais ◽  
Régine Laleau
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Event

Shall I Move My Right or My Left Hand?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Babiloni ◽  
Fabio Babiloni ◽  
Filippo Carducci ◽  
Febo Cincotti ◽  
Claudio Del Percio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Eeg Analysis ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Mirror Movements ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Motor Acts ◽  
Abstract Event

Abstract Event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) at alpha (10Hz), beta (20Hz), and gamma (40Hz) bands and movement-related potentials (MRPs) were investigated in right-handed subjects who were “free” to decide the side of unilateral finger movements (“fixed” side as a control). As a novelty, this “multi-modal” EEG analysis was combined with the evaluation of involuntary mirror movements, taken as an index of “bimanual competition.” A main issue was whether the decision regarding the hand to be moved (“free” movements) could modulate ERD/ERS or MRPs overlying sensorimotor cortical areas typically involved in bimanual tasks. Compared to “fixed” movements, “free” movements induced the following effects: (1) more involuntary mirror movements discarded from EEG analysis; (2) stronger vertex MRPs (right motor acts); (3) a positive correlation between these potentials and the number of involuntary mirror movements; (4) gamma ERS over central areas; and (5) preponderance of postmovement beta ERS over left central area (dominant hemisphere). These results suggest that ERD/ERS and MRPs provide complementary information on the cortical processes belonging to a lateralized motor act. In this context, the results on vertex MRPs would indicate a key role of supplementary/cingulate motor areas not only for bimanual coordination but also for the control of “bimanual competition” and involuntary mirror movements.

LINKING TEMPORAL FIRST ORDER LOGIC AND HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS WITH ABSTRACT EVENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 857-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEFTHERIA KATSIRI ◽  
JEAN BACON ◽  
ALAN MYCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
First Order Logic ◽  
Activity Class ◽  
First Order ◽  
Abstract Event

In previous work, we introduced a novel concept of a generalised event, an abstract event, which we define as a change of state of abstract predicates that represent knowledge about the surrounding world. Abstract predicates are defined by formulae in temporal first-order logic (Abstract Event Specification Language (AESL)) whose leaf predicates represent low-level sensor-derived knowledge. Abstract events are detected by Rete Networks structured as a deductive knowledge-base. Current Abstract Event detectors cannot express sufficiently well certain high-level situations, such activity derived from user trajectories. In this work we introduce a novel type of abstract event detector, a hidden Markov Model detector (hMM-detector). hMM-detectors are implemented as pattern recognition engines that use several stochastic models, hidden Markov Models (hMMs), in order to classify observed activities to the most likely activity class. We link hMM-detectors with AESL by specifying a new AESL operator for defining hMM-based Abstract Events, thus increasing AESL's expressive power. We describe the experimental evaluation of the above work that was carried out at the University of Cambridge. hMM-Detectors were trained and tested with real data from the Active BAT location system. We evaluate the expressiveness of the enhanced AESL by discussing three case studies in healthcare that relate to continuous monitoring of elderly or injured patients. We demonstrate that AESL can be used in order to improve the dependability of continuous monitoring of patients and the provision of high-quality healthcare.

Is there an end in sight? Viewers' sensitivity to abstract event structure

Cognition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 104197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ji ◽  
Anna Papafragou
Keyword(s):  
Event Structure ◽  
Abstract Event

N200 in the Eriksen-Task: Inhibitory Executive Processes?

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heil ◽  
Allen Osman ◽  
Juliane Wiegelmann ◽  
Bettina Rolke ◽  
Erwin Hennighausen
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Abstract Event

Abstract Event-related potentials were recorded (N = 18) in a hybrid go/no-go Eriksen flanker task to study the neural correlates of response inhibition. Three letters were assigned to either a left-hand, a right-hand, or a no-go response. These three letters appeared either as targets signaling the assigned response or as flankers surrounding the target. The lateralized readiness potentials revealed erroneous cortical response priming on go trials, in which the target and flankers were assigned to different hands, as well as on no-go trials, in which the flankers primed one of the two hands. Exactly these two conditions were accompanied by a fronto-central amplitude modulation of the N200, suggesting that this ERP component may reflect inhibitory executive functions. The data replicate and extend recent studies by Kopp, Rist, and Mattler (1996) and Kopp, Mattler, Goertz, and Rist (1996) .

scholarly journals Neural Representations of Emotion Are Organized around Abstract Event Features

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1945-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Skerry ◽  
Rebecca Saxe
Keyword(s):  
Neural Representations ◽  
Abstract Event

scholarly journals Comparison of event landslide inventories: the Pogliaschina catchment test case, Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1749-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Mondini ◽  
A. Viero ◽  
M. Cavalli ◽  
L. Marchi ◽  
G. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Very High ◽  
Abstract Event

Abstract. Event landslide inventory maps document the extent of populations of landslides caused by a single natural trigger, such as an earthquake, an intense rainfall event, or a rapid snowmelt event. Event inventory maps are important for landslide susceptibility and hazard modelling, and prove useful to manage residual risk after a landslide-triggering event. Standards for the preparation of event landslide inventory maps are lacking. Traditional methods are based on the visual interpretation of stereoscopic aerial photography, aided by field surveys. New and emerging techniques exploit remotely sensed data and semi-automatic algorithms. We describe the production and comparison of two independent event inventories prepared for the Pogliaschina catchment, Liguria, Northwest Italy. The two inventories show landslides triggered by an intense rainfall event on 25 October 2011, and were prepared through the visual interpretation of digital aerial photographs taken 3 days and 33 days after the event, and by processing a very-high-resolution image taken by the WorldView-2 satellite 4 days after the event. We compare the two inventories qualitatively and quantitatively using established and new metrics, and we discuss reasons for the differences between the two landslide maps. We expect that the results of our work can help in deciding on the most appropriate method to prepare reliable event inventory maps, and outline the advantages and the limitations of the different approaches.

Self–other risk perception bias: Functions of event abstractness and social distance

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1865-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Jing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Perception Bias ◽  
Concrete Event ◽  
Abstract Event

We developed a platform to consider both optimism and pessimism biases in the same context using construal level theory as a basis, and gained the following key results: An increase in event abstractness increased differences in self–other risk perception (Experiment 1). Perceived level of social distance determined whether optimism or pessimism bias occurred (Experiment 2). Compared with their closest other, people displayed more pessimism bias when estimating the risk of a concrete, compared to an abstract, event. In contrast, when comparing themselves with their most distant other, people displayed less optimism bias when estimating the risk of a concrete event relative to an abstract event, illustrating that the occurrence and extent of optimism or pessimism depends on an interactive effect between social distance and event abstractness (Experiment 3). Our results suggest that people should consider both risk target and risk characteristics when estimating risk.

Between Abstract Event and Individualized Crime: Genocidal Intent in the Case of Croatia

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL BEHRENS
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Icj ◽  
Mass Atrocity ◽  
Genocidal Intent ◽  
Abstract Event

AbstractThe International Court of Justice's (ICJ) decision in the case of Croatia v. Serbia raises fundamental questions about the nature of genocidal intent. While the Court was careful not to make a clear departure from established case law on the matter, its emphasis on elements such as ‘pattern’ and ‘scale’ – at the expense of the role of individual intent – indicates that the majority on the bench adopted an interpretation which brings the legal concept of genocide closer to an abstract event of mass atrocity than to an act capable of commission even by select individuals. That, however, is an understanding which is not only alien to the traditional interpretation adopted by international criminal tribunals, but also unjustifiable under the established law of state responsibility. This article considers various aspects in the judgment which invite critique in that regard, but also analyses the way in which the ICJ has dealt with the coexistence of intent and certain motives – a crucial aspect of the case which has already been object of some controversy.

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