An integrated approach to system-level CPU and memory energy efficiency on computing systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furkan Ercan ◽  
Neven Abou Gazala ◽  
Howard David
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
System Level ◽  
Computing Systems

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging Memory and Computing Devices in the Era of Intelligent Machines

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Pedram Khalili Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
System Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Emerging Memory ◽  
Overall Performance

Computing systems are undergoing a transformation from logic-centric toward memory-centric architectures, where overall performance and energy efficiency at the system level are determined by the density, bandwidth, latency, and energy efficiency of the memory, rather than the logic sub-system [...]

Energy Consumption Reduction for Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Considering Machines With Multiple-Power States

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyi Sun ◽  
Stephan Biller ◽  
Fangming Gu ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Power

Due to rapid consumption of world’s fossil fuel resources and impracticality of large-scale application and production of renewable energy, the significance of energy efficiency improvement of current available energy modes has been widely realized by both industry and academia. A great deal of research has been implemented to identify, model, estimate, and optimize energy efficiency of single-machine manufacturing system [1–5], but very little work has been done towards achieving the optimal energy efficiency for a typical manufacturing system with multiple machines. In this paper, we analyze the opportunity of energy saving on the system level and propose a new approach to improve energy efficiency for sustainable production systems considering the fact that more and more modern machines have multiple power states. Numerical case based on simulation model of an automotive assembly line is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Influence of Experimental Uncertainty on Prediction of Holistic Multi-Scale Data Center Energy Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Breen ◽  
Ed J. Walsh ◽  
Jeff Punch ◽  
Amip J. Shah ◽  
Niru Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
System Level ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Data

As the energy footprint of data centers continues to increase, models that allow for “what-if” simulations of different data center design and management paradigms will be important. Prior work by the authors has described a multi-scale energy efficiency model that allows for evaluating the coefficient of performance of the data center ensemble (COPGrand), and demonstrated the utility of such a model for purposes of choosing operational set-points and evaluating design trade-offs. However, experimental validation of these models poses a challenge because of the complexity involved with tailoring such a model for implementation to legacy data centers, with shared infrastructure and limited control over IT workload. Further, test facilities with dummy heat loads or artificial racks in lieu of IT equipment generally have limited utility in validating end-to-end models owing to the inability of such loads to mimic phenomena such as fan scalability, etc. In this work, we describe the experimental analysis conducted in a special test chamber and data center facility. The chamber, focusing on system level effects, is loaded with an actual IT rack, and a compressor delivers chilled air to the chamber at a preset temperature. By varying the load in the IT rack as well as the air delivery parameters — such as flow rate, supply temperature, etc. — a setup which simulates the system level of a data center is created. Experimental tests within a live data center facility are also conducted where the operating conditions of the cooling infrastructure are monitored — such as fluid temperatures, flow rates, etc. — and can be analyzed to determine effects such as air flow recirculation, heat exchanger performance, etc. Using the experimental data a multi-scale model configuration emulating the data center can be defined. We compare the results from such experimental analysis to a multi-scale energy efficiency model of the data center, and discuss the accuracies as well as inaccuracies within such a model. Difficulties encountered in the experimental work are discussed. The paper concludes by discussing areas for improvement in such modeling and experimental evaluation. Further validation of the complete multi-scale data center energy model is planned.

scholarly journals Countrywide Mobile Spectrum Sharing with Small Indoor Cells for Massive Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Kumer Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Generic Model

In this paper, we propose a technique to share the licensed spectrums of all mobile network operators (MNOs) of a country with in-building small cells per MNO by exploiting the external wall penetration loss of a building and introducing the time-domain eICIC technique. The proposed technique considers allocating the dedicated spectrum Bop per MNO only its to outdoor macro UEs, whereas the total spectrum of all MNOs of the country Bco to its small cells indoor per building such that technically any small indoor cell of an MNO can have access to Bco instead of merely Bop assigned only to the MNO itself. We develop an interference management strategy as well as an algorithm for the proposed technique. System-level capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency performance metrics are derived, and a generic model for energy efficiency is presented. An optimal amount of small indoor cell density in terms of the number of buildings L carrying these small cells per MNO to trade-off the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency is derived. With the system-level numerical and simulation results, we define an optimal value of L for a dense deployment of small indoor cells of an MNO and show that the proposed spectrum sharing technique can achieve massive indoor capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency for the MNO. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed spectrum sharing technique could meet both the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency requirements for 5G mobile networks for numerous traffic arrival rates to small indoor cells per building of an MNO.

An integrated approach for improving energy efficiency of manufacturing process chains

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaeil Mousavi ◽  
Sebastian Thiede ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Sami Kara ◽  
Christoph Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Process Chains

Common Currency for System Integration of High Intensity Energy Subsystems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pratt ◽  
David J. Moorhouse
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
System Level ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Common Currency

Aerospace vehicle design has progressed in an evolutionary manner, with certain discrete changes such as turbine engines replacing propellers for higher speeds. The evolution has worked very well for commercial aircraft because the major components can be optimized independently. This is not true for many military configurations which require a more integrated approach. In addition, the introduction of aspects for which there is no pre-existing database requires special attention. Examples of subsystem that have no pre-existing data base include directed energy weapons (DEW) such as high power microwaves (HPM) and high energy lasers (HEL). These devices are inefficient, therefore a large portion of the energy required to operate the device is converted to waste heat and must be transferred to a suitable heat sink. For HPM, the average heat load during one ‘shot’ is on the same order as traditional subsystems and thus designing a thermal management system is possible. The challenge is transferring the heat from the HPM device to a heat sink. The power density of each shot could be hundreds of megawatts. This heat must be transferred from the HPM beam dump to a sink. The heat transfer must occur at a rate that will support shots in the 10–100Hz range. For HEL systems, in addition to the high intensity, there are substantial system level thermal loads required to provide an ‘infinite magazine.’ Present models are inadequate to analyze these problems, current systems are unable to sustain the energy dissipation required and the high intensity heat fluxes applied over a very short duration phenomenon is not well understood. These are examples of potential future vehicle integration challenges. This paper addresses these and other subsystems integration challenges using a common currency for vehicle optimization. Exergy, entropy generation minimization, and energy optimization are examples of methodologies that can enable the creation of energy optimized systems. These approaches allow the manipulation of fundamental equations governing thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics to produce minimized irreversibilities at the vehicle, subsystem and device levels using a common currency. Applying these techniques to design for aircraft system-level energy efficiency would identify not only which subsystems are inefficient but also those that are close to their maximum theoretical efficiency while addressing diverse system interaction and optimal subsystem integration. Such analyses would obviously guide researchers and designers to the areas having the highest payoff and enable departures from the evolutionary process and create a breakthrough design.

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