Challenges and Future Research Directions in Large-Scale Complex Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taieb Znati
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Introduction to L2 attrition

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora H. Mehotcheva ◽  
Barbara Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Subject

As the introduction to the section on second language (L2) attrition, this chapter provides a broad presentation to research on attrition of L2 and foreign languages (FL). We will first discuss the terminology used in the field, focusing on some important differences in the terminology used in first language (L1) attrition studies. It provides a short overview of the development of the field, outlining major challenges and obstacles that research on the topic has to deal with. Next, it briefly describes the major findings and knowledge amassed on the subject before reviewing in more detail the findings of some of the most significant and large-scale projects carried out on L2/FL attrition. A final presentation of several theoretical frameworks of interest for L2/FL attrition research will allow us to show how L2/FL attrition is commonly explained but also to provide some ideas for future research directions.

scholarly journals Compressing Large-Scale Transformer-Based Models: A Case Study on BERT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1061-1080
Author(s):  
Prakhar Ganesh ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Xin Lou ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khan ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Model Compression ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Or Applications

Abstract Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and thus are too resource- hungry and computation-intensive to suit low- capability devices or applications with strict latency requirements. One potential remedy for this is model compression, which has attracted considerable research attention. Here, we summarize the research in compressing Transformers, focusing on the especially popular BERT model. In particular, we survey the state of the art in compression for BERT, we clarify the current best practices for compressing large-scale Transformer models, and we provide insights into the workings of various methods. Our categorization and analysis also shed light on promising future research directions for achieving lightweight, accurate, and generic NLP models.

scholarly journals Microdosing as a response to the meaning crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Petranker ◽  
Juensung Kim ◽  
Thomas Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Future Research Directions

Background: The use of psychedelic substances like LSD and magic mushrooms in research and to treat mental health conditions has been increasing in the last decade. In particular, the practice of microdosing – using sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelics – has been increasing (Anderson et al., 2019), but large-scale systemic qualitative analyses are still scant.Aims: This study attempted to recognize emergent themes in qualitative reports regarding the experience of microdosing so as to enrich the theoretical landscape in psychedelics research and propose future research directions for both basic and clinical research.Methods: This study used qualitative analysis to analyze free-text responses from individuals who participated in an online survey disseminated on various social media platforms. Participants had reported microdosing at least once in the past year.Results: Data from 118 informative responses suggested four main emergent themes: reasons for microdosing, the practice of microdosing, outcomes linked to microdosing, and meta-commentary about microdosing. Participants mostly reported microdosing for clinical reasons and to improve productivity, and mentioned that the practice is often challenging due to unknown optimal dosing regimen. The outcomes of microdosing varied widely between strong endorsement of the practice and disappointment at the lack of effect. Meta-commentary included warning against overexcitement with the practice. We couch our findings in meaning-making theory and propose that, even at low doses, psychedelic substances can provide a sense of meaning currently lacking in Western culture.Conclusion: Our results suggest that there many of the reported benefits occur regardless of motivation to microdose and are likely due to the enhanced psychological flexibility and sense of connectedness made possible due to the use of psychedelics. Double-blind, placebo controlled experiments are required in order to substantiate these reports.

scholarly journals Markets for data

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-660
Author(s):  
Pantelis Koutroumpis ◽  
Aija Leiponen ◽  
Llewellyn D W Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficient Market ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Future Research Directions

Abstract Although datasets are abundant and assumed to be immensely valuable, they are not being shared or traded openly and transparently on a large scale. We investigate the nature of data trading with a conceptual market design approach and demonstrate the importance of provenance to overcome appropriability and quality concerns. We consider the requirements for efficient data exchange, comparing existing trading arrangements against efficient market models and show that it is possible to achieve either large markets with little control or small markets with greater control. We describe some future research directions.

scholarly journals Emergency Logistics in a Large-Scale Disaster Context: Achievements and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Jiang ◽  
Yufei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Emergency Logistics ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

There is growing research interest in emergency logistics within the operations research (OR) community. Different from normal business operations, emergency response for large scale disasters is very complex and there are many challenges to deal with. Research on emergency logistics is still in its infancy stage. Understanding the challenges and new research directions is very important. In this paper, we present a literature review of emergency logistics in the context of large-scale disasters. The main contributions of our study include three aspects: First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their challenges to emergency logistics. Second, we analyze and summarize the current literature on how to deal with these challenges. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in the relevant research and suggest future research directions.

scholarly journals Recent Science from Australian Large-Scale Millimetre Mapping Projects: Proceedings from a Swinburne University Workshop

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bains ◽  
S. L. Breen ◽  
M. G. Burton ◽  
M. R. Cunningham ◽  
P. A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractSince the recent upgrades to the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) Mopra telescope back-end and receiver system, it has risen from an under-subscribed facility to a sought-after instrument with heavy international competition to gain time. Furthermore, the introduction of the on-the-fly mapping capability in 2004 has made this technique one of Mopra's most popular observing modes. In addition, the recent upgrade of the NANTEN millimetre-wavelength telescope to the sub-millimetre NANTEN2 instrument, has provided a complementary, higher-frequency facility to Mopra. A two-day workshop was held at Swinburne University in June 2008 to disseminate the current state of ongoing large-scale mapping projects and associated spin-offs that the telescopes' upgrades have facilitated, and to decide upon future research directions. Here, we provide a summary of the result-oriented talks as a record of the state of Australian-access single-dish millimetre science in 2008.

Competitiveness and Alcohol Use Among Recreational and Elite Collegiate Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly F. Serrao ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Jessica L. Martin ◽  
Tracey L. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Elite College ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Large-scale, national research studies have consistently indicated that college students participating in athletics consume more alcohol than nonathletes. Theorists have speculated that a number of risk factors could be associated with heavy drinking among this group, although research in the area has been sparse. The purpose of the current study was to assess the relationship between one possible risk factor, competitiveness, in a sample of recreational and elite college athletes to determine whether competitiveness was related to alcohol use among these athletes. Data were collected from a sample of 298 undergraduates from a large university in the northeastern United States. Results showed that competitiveness was associated with higher amounts of alcohol consumption. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC NETWORKS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN: A SURVEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2621-2630
Author(s):  
Ji Han ◽  
Serhad Sarica ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Jianxi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Engineering Data ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThere have been growing uses of semantic networks in the past decade, such as leveraging large-scale pre-trained graph knowledge databases for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks in engineering design research. Therefore, the paper provides a survey of the research that has employed semantic networks in the engineering design research community. The survey reveals that engineering design researchers have primarily relied on WordNet, ConceptNet, and other common-sense semantic network databases trained on non-engineering data sources to develop methods or tools for engineering design. Meanwhile, there are emerging efforts to mine large scale technical publication and patent databases to construct engineering-contextualized semantic network databases, e.g., B-Link and TechNet, to support NLP in engineering design. On this basis, we recommend future research directions for the construction and applications of engineering-related semantic networks in engineering design research and practice.

Workflow Scheduling with Fault Tolerance

2012 ◽  
pp. 94-123
Author(s):  
Laiping Zhao ◽  
Kouichi Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workflow Scheduling ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Active Replication ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter describes a study on workflow scheduling with fault tolerance. It starts with an understanding on workflow scheduling and fault tolerance technologies independently. Next, the chapter surveys the related works on the combination field of workflow scheduling and fault tolerance technologies. Generally, these works are classified into six categories corresponding to the six fault tolerance technologies: workflow scheduling with primary/backup, primary/backup with multiple backups, checkpoint, rescheduling, active replication, and active replication with dynamic replicas. An in-depth study on these six topics illustrates the challenge issues explored so far, e.g. overloading conditions, tradeoffs among scheduling criteria, et cetera, and some future research directions are also identified. As applications are increasingly complex, and failures become a severe problem in the large scale systems, the authors expect to provide a comprehensive review on the problem of workflow scheduling with fault tolerance through this work.

scholarly journals Degradation and Aging Routes of Ni-Rich Cathode Based Li-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Teichert ◽  
Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu ◽  
Hannes Jahnke ◽  
Egbert Figgemeier
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Li Ion

Driven by the increasing plea for greener transportation and efficient integration of renewable energy sources, Ni-rich metal layered oxides, namely NMC, Li [Ni1−x−yCoyMnz] O2 (x + y ≤ 0.4), and NCA, Li [Ni1−x−yCoxAly] O2, cathode materials have garnered huge attention for the development of Next-Generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The impetus behind such huge celebrity includes their higher capacity and cost effectiveness when compared to the-state-of-the-art LiCoO2 (LCO) and other low Ni content NMC versions. However, despite all the beneficial attributes, the large-scale deployment of Ni-rich NMC based LIBs poses a technical challenge due to less stability of the cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) and diverse degradation processes that are associated with electrolyte decomposition, transition metal cation dissolution, cation–mixing, oxygen release reaction etc. Here, the potential degradation routes, recent efforts and enabling strategies for mitigating the core challenges of Ni-rich NMC cathode materials are presented and assessed. In the end, the review shed light on the perspectives for the future research directions of Ni-rich cathode materials.

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