The Foundation and Application of Horizontal Well Deliverability Type Curves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Yonggang Duan ◽  
Quantang Fang ◽  
Cao Tingkuan ◽  
Mingqiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Type Curves

A Semianalytical Model for Horizontal-Well Productivity With Pressure Drop Along the Wellbore

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 1603-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjing Luo ◽  
Changfu Tang ◽  
Yin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Penetration Ratio ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One

Summary This study aims to develop a semianalytical model to calculate the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well with pressure drop along the wellbore. It has been indicated that by introducing novel definitions of horizontal-well permeability and conductivity, the equation of fluid flow along a horizontal well with pressure drop has the same form as the one for fluid flow in a varying-conductivity fracture. Thus, the varying-conductivity-fracture model and PI model can be used to obtain the PI of a horizontal well. Results indicate that the PI of a horizontal well depends on the interaction between horizontal-well conductivity, penetration ratio, and Reynolds number. New type curves of the penetration ratios with various combinations of parameters have been presented. A complete-penetration zone and a partial-penetration zone can be identified on the type curves. Based on the type curves, two examples have also been presented to illustrate the advantages of this work in optimizing parameters of horizontal wells.

Optimizing the Number of Fractures in a Horizontal Well

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1364-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Guk ◽  
Mikhail Tuzovskiy ◽  
Don Wolcott ◽  
Joe Mach
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures ◽  
Single Fracture ◽  
Multiple Fracture ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Fracture Width ◽  
Technical Potential

Summary Horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures have become a standard completion for the development of tight oil and gas reservoirs. Successful optimization of multiple-fracture design on horizontal wells began empirically in the Barnett Shale in the late 1990s (Steward 2013; Gertner 2013). More recently, research has focused on further improving fracturing performance by developing a model-derived optimum. Some researchers have focused on an economic optimum on the basis of multiple runs of an analytical or numerical model (Zhang et al. 2012; Saputelli et al. 2014). With such an approach, a new set of model runs is necessary to optimize the design each time the input parameters change significantly. Running multiple simulations for every optimization case might not always be practical. An alternative approach is to develop well-performance curves with dimensionless variables on the basis of the performance model. Such an approach was the basis for unified fracture design (UFD) for a single fracture in a vertical well (Economides et al. 2002). However, a similar systemized method to calculate the optimum for a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures was missing. The objective of this study was to develop a rigorous and unified dimensionless optimization technique with type curves for the case of multiple transverse fractures in a horizontal well—an extension of UFD. The mathematical problem was solved in dimensionless variables. Multiple fractures include the proppant number (NP), penetration ratio (Ix), dimensionless conductivity (CfD), and aspect ratio (yeD) for each fracture, which is inversely proportional to the number of fractures. The direct boundary element (DBE) method was used to generate the dimensionless productivity index (JD) for a given range of these parameters (28,000 runs) for the pseudosteady-state case. Finally, total well JD was plotted as a function of the number of fractures for various NP. The effect of minimum fracture width was studied, and the optimization curves were adjusted for three cases of minimum fracture width. The provided dimensionless type curves can be used to identify the optimized number of fractures and their geometry for a given set of parameters, without running a more complicated numerical model multiple times. First, the proppant mass (and hence, NP) used for the fracture design can be selected on the basis of economic or other considerations. For this purpose, a relationship between total JD and NP, which accounts for the minimum fracture width requirement, was provided. Then, the optimal number of fractures can be calculated for a given NP using the generated type curves with minimum width constraints. The following observations were made during the study on the basis of the performed runs: For a given volume or proppant, NP, total JD for multiple fractures increases to an asymptote as the number of fractures increases. This asymptote represents a technical potential for multiple fractures and for high proppant numbers (NP≥100), with a technical potential of 3πNP. Below this asymptote, the more fractures that are created for a fixed NP, the larger the JD. In practice, minimum fracture width constrains the fracture geometry, and therefore maximum JD. For the case when 20/40 sand is used for multiple hydraulic fracturing of a 0.01-md formation with square total area, the optimal number of factures is approximately NP25. Application of horizontal drilling technology with multiple fractures assumes the availability of high proppant numbers. It was shown mathematically that the alternative low proppant numbers (NP≤20 for the previous case) are impractical for multiple fractures, because total JD cannot be significantly higher than JD for an optimized single fracture in the same area. This means that low formation permeability and/or high proppant volumes are needed for multiple fracture treatments.

Performance Evaluation of a Horizontal Well With Multiple Fractures by Use of a Slab-Source Function

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoyong Yang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
John A. Styles ◽  
Junmin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Linear Flow ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Semianalytical Method ◽  
Reservoir Simulator

Summary A novel slab-source function was formulated and successfully applied to accurately evaluate performance of a horizontal well with multiple fractures in a tight formation. More specifically, such a slab-source function in the Laplace domain has assigned a geometrical dimension to the source, whereas pressure response of a rectangular reservoir with closed outer boundaries can be determined. A semianalytical method is then applied to solve the newly formulated mathematical model by discretizing the fracture into small segments, each of which is treated as a slab source, assuming that there exists unsteady flow between the adjacent segments. The newly developed function was validated with numerical solution obtained from a reservoir simulator and then its application was extended to a field case. The pressure response together with its corresponding derivative type curves was reproduced to examine effects of number of stages, fracture conductivity, and fracture dimension under various penetration conditions. The fracture conductivity is found to mainly influence early-stage bilinear-/linear-flow regime, whereas a smaller conductivity will force more fluid to enter the toe of the fracture than its heel. The penetrating ratio will impose a significant impact on the pressure response at the early stage, forcing the bilinear/linear flow to become radial flow.

Pressure Analysis of an Unstimulated Horizontal Well With Type Curves

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (08) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Duda ◽  
S.P. Salamy ◽  
Khashayar Aminian ◽  
Samuel Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Pressure Analysis

scholarly journals Productivity Model for Shale Gas Reservoir with Comprehensive Consideration of Multi-mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Deng ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Zhongyuan Tian ◽  
Cong Xiao ◽  
Haiying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Transitional Flow ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Stimulated Reservoir Volume ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Shale Gas Reservoirs

Multi-stage fracturing horizontal well currently has been proved to be the most effective method to produce shale gas. This method can activate the natural fractures system defined as stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), the remaining region similarly is defined as un-stimulated reservoir volume (USRV). At present, no type curves have been developed for hydraulic fractured shale gas reservoirs in which the SRV zone has triple-porosity dual-depletion flow behavior and the USRV zone has double porosity flow behavior. In this paper, the SRV zone and USRV zone respectively are simplified as cubic triple-porosity and slab dual porosity media. We have established a new productivity model for multifractured horizontal well shale gas with Comprehensive consideration of desorption, diffusion, viscous flow, stress sensitivity and dual-depletion mechanism in matrix. The rate transient responses are inverted into real time space with stehfest numerical inversion algorithm. Type curves are plotted, and different flow regimes in shale gas reservoirs are identified. Effects of relevant parameters are analyzed as well. The whole flow period can be divided into 8 regimes: bilinear flow in SRV; pseudo elliptic flow; dual inter-porosity flow; transitional flow; linear flow in USRV; inter-porosity flow and boundary-dominated flow. The stress sensitivity basically has negative influence on the whole productivity period .The less the value of Langmuir volume and the lager the value of Langmuir pressure, the more lately the inter-porosity flow and boundary-dominated flow occurs. It in concluded that the USRV zone has positive influence on production and could not be ignored.

Performance Evaluation of A Horizontal Well with Multiple Fractures Using A Slab Source Function

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoyong Yang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
John A. Styles ◽  
Junmin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Linear Flow ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Reservoir Simulator ◽  
Adjacent Segments

Abstract A novel slab source function has been formulated and successfully applied to accurately evaluate performance of a horizontal well with multiple fractures in a tight formation. A semi-analytical method is then applied to solve the newly formulated mathematical model by discretizing the fracture into small segments, each of which is treated as a slab source, assuming that there exists unsteady flow between the adjacent segments. The newly developed function has been validated with numerical solution obtained from a reservoir simulator and then extended its application to a field case. The pressure response together with its corresponding derivative type curves has been reproduced to examine effects of number of stages, fracture conductivity, and fracture dimension under various penetration conditions. The fracture conductivity is found to mainly influence early-stage bilinear/linear flow regime, while a smaller conductivity will force more fluid to enter the toe of the fracture than its heel. Penetrating ratio will impose a significant impact on the pressure response at the early stage, forcing the bilinear/linear flow to the radial flow.

scholarly journals Rate Decline Analysis for Horizontal Wells with Multiple Sections

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazheng Qin ◽  
Shiqing Cheng ◽  
Youwei He ◽  
Dingyi Li ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
History Matching ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Decline Curves ◽  
Compound Type ◽  
Horizontal Wellbore ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

The widely used application of horizontal well makes it significant to effectively evaluate rate performance of horizontal well in oil and gas reservoir. However, most models in previous work only focus on rate decline analysis (RDA) of horizontal well with single section (HWSS); they hardly address the problem that production rate distributes nonuniformly along horizontal wellbore in analyzing rate transient behaviors. However, only some horizontal segments contribute to the total production rates, and the production of each section along horizontal wellbore is not the same in fact, which may be caused by reservoir heterogeneity, selective completion, and nonuniform formation damage along horizontal wellbore. Therefore, the effect of these phenomena on rate decline characteristics cannot be ignored. The aim of this paper is to propose an analytical model to investigate transient rate response of a horizontal well with multiple sections (HWMS). The compound type curves, including the normalized production curve, the normalized production integral curve, and the production integral derivative curve, are developed to distinguish the different cases. The influences of some sensitive parameters on decline curves are further discussed. Results show obvious differences on the decline curves between the HWMS and HWSS. The parameters are sensitive on decline curves, which explore the feasible application on production performance evaluation and parameters interpretation through history matching the production data with the compound type curves in this paper.

Blasingame production decline type curves for analysing a multi-fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-qiang Wei ◽  
Yong-gang Duan ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Quan-tang Fang ◽  
Zheng-lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Fractured Horizontal Well
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