Effective and Sustainable Development of Chinese National Intelligent Transportation System Architecture

2005 ◽  
Vol 1910 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Tongyan Qi ◽  
Chunyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
New Development ◽  
Architecture Development ◽  
Standardization Of Procedures

The development of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) architecture has attracted increasing attention across the world because such an architecture provides a common reference for the ITS community. Standardization of procedures in the development of an ITS architecture is necessary and urgent because of the architecture's inherent complexity, which requires the involvement of several development teams. Although a computer-aided systems engineering model is widely adopted to accomplish parts of the development task, so far no countries define a strict, clear, and applicable procedure to aid the development teams. This paper first briefly introduces the general methodology for the development of ITS architectures. Then it describes the reasons why a new development tool is needed and examines the components of this development tool. This tool provides developers with support by simplifying and standardizing the entire procedure of ITS architecture development. It reduces developers’ workload significantly, improves efficiency, and ensures completeness and consistency of the ITS architecture. It is the first attempt to integrate every step of ITS architecture development procedure into a single package, which has proved to be of great help for Chinese development teams in accomplishing this task effectively and easily in a sustainable way.

Classical Greek Oligarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Client Relations

This book thoroughly reassesses an important but neglected form of government in ancient Greece, the “rule of the few.” The book challenges scholarly orthodoxy by showing that oligarchy was not the default mode of politics from time immemorial, but instead emerged alongside, and in reaction to, democracy. It establishes how oligarchies maintained power in the face of potential citizen resistance. It argues that oligarchs designed distinctive political institutions—such as intra-oligarchic power sharing, targeted repression, and rewards for informants—to prevent collective action among the majority population while sustaining cooperation within their own ranks. To clarify the workings of oligarchic institutions, the book draws on recent social science research on authoritarianism. Like modern authoritarian regimes, ancient Greek oligarchies had to balance coercion with co-optation in order to keep their subjects disorganized and powerless. The book investigates topics such as control of public space, the manipulation of information, and the establishment of patron–client relations, frequently citing parallels with contemporary nondemocratic regimes. It also traces changes over time in antiquity, revealing the processes through which oligarchy lost the ideological battle with democracy for legitimacy. This book represents a major new development in the study of ancient politics. It fills a longstanding gap in our knowledge of nondemocratic government while greatly improving our understanding of forms of power that continue to affect us today.

New Development of Waste Paper Handling Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 832-841
Author(s):  
Jiro Urata
Keyword(s):  
Waste Paper ◽  
New Development

FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Gaurav Ranabhat ◽  
Ashmita Dhakal ◽  
Saurav Ranabhat ◽  
Ananta Dhakal ◽  
Rakshya Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
As Stress

Modern biotechnology enables an organism to produce a totally new product which the organism does not or cannot produce normally through the incorporation of the technology of ‘Genetic engineering’. Biotechnology shows its technical merits and new development prospects in breeding of new plants varieties with high and stable yield, good quality, as well as stress tolerance and resistance. Some of the most prevailing problems faced in agricultural ecosystems could be solved with the introduction of transgenic crops incorporated with traits for insect pest resistance, herbicide tolerance and resistance to viral diseases. Plant biotechnology has gained importance in the recent past for increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural, horticultural, ornamental plants, and in manipulating the plants for improved agronomic performance. Recent developments in the genome sequencing will have far reaching implications for future agriculture. From this study, we can know that the developing world adopts these fast-changing technologies soon and harness their unprecedented potential for the future benefit of human being.

MOOC as a new development stage in Open Education of South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Kudajbergenova R.E. ◽  
◽  
Asylbekova M.A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Open Education ◽  
New Development
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