A Fault-Tolerant Workflow Mapping Algorithm under End-to-End Delay Constraint

For the edge computing network, whether the end-to-end delay satisfies the delay constraint of the task is critical, especially for delay-sensitive tasks. Virtual machine (VM) migration improves the robustness of the network, whereas it also causes service downtime and increases the end-to-end delay. To study the influence of failure, migration, and recovery of VMs, we define three states for the VMs in an edge server and build a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). Then, we develop a matrix-geometric method and a first passage time method to obtain the VMs timely reliability (VTR) and the end-to-end timely reliability (ETR). The numerical results are verified by simulation based on OMNeT++. Results show that VTR is a monotonic function of the migration rate and the number of VMs. However, in some cases, the increase in task VMs (TVMs) may conversely decrease VTR, since more TVMs also brings about more failures in a given time. Moreover, we find that there is a trade-off between TVMs and backup VMs (BVMs) when the total number of VMs is limited. Our findings may shed light on understanding the impact of VM migration on end-to-end delay and designing a more reliable edge computing network for delay-sensitive applications.

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A Stochastic Network Calculus Approach for the End-to-End Delay Analysis of LTE Networks

Chinese Journal of Computers ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1016.2012.00046 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin CHEN ◽

Lei ZHANG ◽

Xu-Dong XIANG ◽

Jian-Xiong WAN

Keyword(s):

Delay Analysis ◽

Network Calculus ◽

Stochastic Network ◽

Lte Networks ◽

End To End Delay ◽

End To End ◽

Stochastic Network Calculus

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Catechize Global Optimization through Leading Edge Firefly Based Zone Routing Protocol

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications ◽

10.2174/2213275912666181128121811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 147-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Neha Sharma ◽

Sherin Zafar ◽

Usha Batra

Keyword(s):

Global Optimization ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Firefly Algorithm ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Packet Delivery Ratio ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Packet Delivery ◽

Zone Routing Protocol ◽

End To End Delay ◽

End To End

Background: Zone Routing Protocol is evolving as an efficient hybrid routing protocol with an extremely high potentiality owing to the integration of two radically different schemes, proactive and reactive in such a way that a balance between control overhead and latency is achieved. Its performance is impacted by various network conditions such as zone radius, network size, mobility, etc. Objective: The research work described in this paper focuses on improving the performance of zone routing protocol by reducing the amount of reactive traffic which is primarily responsible for degraded network performance in case of large networks. The usage of route aggregation approach helps in reducing the routing overhead and also help achieve performance optimization. Methods: The performance of proposed protocol is assessed under varying node size and mobility. Further applied is the firefly algorithm which aims to achieve global optimization that is quite difficult to achieve due to non-linearity of functions and multimodality of algorithms. For performance evaluation a set of benchmark functions are being adopted like, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay to validate the proposed approach. Results: Simulation results depict better performance of leading edge firefly algorithm when compared to zone routing protocol and route aggregation based zone routing protocol. The proposed leading edge FRA-ZRP approach shows major improvement between ZRP and FRA-ZRP in Packet Delivery Ratio. FRA-ZRP outperforms traditional ZRP and RA-ZRP even in terms of End to End Delay by reducing the delay and gaining a substantial QOS improvement. Conclusion: The achievement of proposed approach can be credited to the formation on zone head and attainment of route from the head hence reduced queuing of data packets due to control packets, by adopting FRA-ZRP approach. The routing optimized zone routing protocol using Route aggregation approach and FRA augments the QoS, which is the most crucial parameter for routing performance enhancement of MANET.

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