Characterization of the Traffic in IP-Based Communication Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nedyalkov ◽  
Alexey Stefanov ◽  
Georgi Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks

DEALING WITH FRACTIONAL DYNAMICS OF IP NETWORK DELAYS

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250089 ◽  
Author(s):  
INÉS TEJADO ◽  
S. HASSAN HOSSEINNIA ◽  
BLAS M. VINAGRE ◽  
XIAONA SONG ◽  
YANGQUAN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Networked Control Systems ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Fractional Dynamics ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Network Delays ◽  
Big Picture

The analysis of delay dynamics (DD) is the basic big picture in networked control systems (NCS) research since the knowledge of its behavior may improve the design of more robust controllers, and consequently, the system performance. However, the extreme complexity of modern communications and networks, coupled with their traffic characteristics, makes the characterization of their performance through analytical models a difficult task. Relying on fractional calculus (FC), this paper studies the dynamics of IP delays and attempts to clarify the most important features of network traffic, providing the reader some connections between traffic in communication networks and FC. Likewise, a fractional order model of DD is presented based on a survey of current network traffic models. Some simulations are given to validate the proposed model.

SELF-REPAIRING NETWORKS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR M. FARLEY ◽  
ANDRZEJ PROSKUROWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Minimal Self ◽  
Routing Tables ◽  
Communication Path

In this paper, we provide a specification for a class of communication networks that are immune to single site failures, not only maintaining the ability to transfer messages between operable sites but doing so with no additional delay (i.e. no increase in length of communication path). We call these networks self-repairing and refer to their underlying topologies as self-repairing graphs. Our specification includes a constructive characterization of a class of minimal self-repairing graphs and an algorithmic determination of associated routing tables that can be used by a simple message transfer procedure to realize the desired immune behavior.

scholarly journals Radio Access Evaluation of Commercial 5G Service

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
José Antonio Martínez ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Julio Berrocal
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Actual Use

Wireless communication networks are enhancing faster than anyone could imagine. As everybody knows, 5G is the future and the study of it is very valuable nowadays. In this context, this paper provides a characterization of the deployment of a 5G access network by an operator in Spain, identifying its capacity and the actual use to which it is being subjected today. For this, sizing methods and tools will be used to qualify the capacity of the cells currently displayed, determining a better performance than we might initially think. This paper proposes a theoretical model which identifies relevant parameters for cell dimensioning, and determining that an expansion of cell’s capacity will be necessary at a 70% of load. Subsequently, this model is evaluated, analyzing real data via a vendor, showing a high performance, but discovering that some methods used in the current deployment, such as DSS, are, perhaps, not as expected. In addition, when comparing the 5G yield 4G, the power and potential future of the former is apparent.

scholarly journals Tripartite Separation of Glomerular Cell-Types and Proteomes From Reporter-Free Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2020091346
Author(s):  
Favian Hatje ◽  
Uta Wedekind ◽  
Wiebke Sachs ◽  
Desiree Loreth ◽  
Julia Reichelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Glomerular Cell ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Background: The glomerulus comprises podocytes, mesangial, and endothelial cells, which jointly determine glomerular filtration. Understanding this intricate functional unit beyond the transcriptome requires bulk isolation of these cell-types for biochemical investigations. We developed a globally applicable tripartite isolation method for murine mesangial and endothelial cells and podocytes (timMEP). Methods: Glomerular cell-types were separated via a novel FACS-sort approach from wildtype or mT/mG mice and the purity validated. Cell-type proteomes were compared between strains, ages, and sex. TimMEP was applied to the podocyte-targeting immunologic THSD7A-associated membranous nephropathy model. Results: TimMEP enabled protein-biochemical analyses of podocytes, mesangial, and endothelial cells derived from reporter-free mice and allowed the characterization of podocyte, endothelial, and mesangial proteomes of individual mice. Marker proteins for mesangial and endothelial proteins were identified and protein-based potential communication networks and phosphorylation patterns outlined. The analysis detected cell-type specific proteome differences between mouse strains and alterations depending on sex, age, and transgene. After exposure to anti-THSD7A antibodies, timMEP resolved a fine-tuned initial stress response chiefly in podocytes, which bulk glomerular analyses could not detect. Combination of proteomics with super-resolution imaging revealed a specific loss of slit-diaphragm but not of other foot process proteins, unraveling a protein-based mechanism of podocyte injury in this animal model. Conclusion: TimMEP enables glomerular cell-type resolved investigations at the transcriptional and protein-biochemical level in health and disease, while avoiding reporter-based artifacts, paving the way towards the comprehensive and systematic characterization of glomerular cell-type biology.

scholarly journals FunRes: resolving tissue-specific functional cell states based on a cell–cell communication network model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Jung ◽  
Kartikeya Singh ◽  
Antonio del Sol
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Cell

Abstract The functional specialization of cell types arises during development and is shaped by cell–cell communication networks determining a distribution of functional cell states that are collectively important for tissue functioning. However, the identification of these tissue-specific functional cell states remains challenging. Although a plethora of computational approaches have been successful in detecting cell types and subtypes, they fail in resolving tissue-specific functional cell states. To address this issue, we present FunRes, a computational method designed for the identification of functional cell states. FunRes relies on scRNA-seq data of a tissue to initially reconstruct the functional cell–cell communication network, which is leveraged for partitioning each cell type into functional cell states. We applied FunRes to 177 cell types in 10 different tissues and demonstrated that the detected states correspond to known functional cell states of various cell types, which cannot be recapitulated by existing computational tools. Finally, we characterize emerging and vanishing functional cell states in aging and disease, and demonstrate their involvement in key tissue functions. Thus, we believe that FunRes will be of great utility in the characterization of the functional landscape of cell types and the identification of dysfunctional cell states in aging and disease.

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