What Will Your Future Child Look Like? Modeling and Synthesis of Hereditary Patterns of Facial Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itir Onal Ertugrul ◽  
Hamdi Dibeklioglu
Keyword(s):  
Future Child ◽  
Hereditary Patterns

scholarly journals Couples’ experiences with expanded carrier screening: evaluation of a university hospital screening offer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy van Dijke ◽  
Phillis Lakeman ◽  
Naoual Sabiri ◽  
Hanna Rusticus ◽  
Cecile P. E. Ottenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Carrier Screening ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Expanded Carrier Screening ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Future Child ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractPreconception carrier screening offers couples the possibility to receive information about the risk of having a child with a recessive disorder. Since 2016, an expanded carrier screening (ECS) test for 50 severe autosomal recessive disorders has been available at Amsterdam Medical Center, a Dutch university hospital. This mixed-methods study evaluated the experiences of couples that participated in the carrier screening offer, including high-risk participants, as well as participants with a general population risk. All participants received genetic counselling, and pre- (n = 132) and post-test (n = 86) questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (n = 16) were administered. The most important reason to have ECS was to spare a future child a life with a severe disorder (47%). The majority of survey respondents made an informed decision (86%), as assessed by the Multidimensional Measure of Informed Choice. Among the 86 respondents, 27 individual carriers and no new carrier couples were identified. Turn-around time of the test results was considered too long and costs were perceived as too high. Overall, mean levels of anxiety were not clinically elevated. High-risk respondents (n = 89) and pregnant respondents (n = 13) experienced higher levels of anxiety before testing, which decreased after receiving the test result. Although not clinically significant, distress was on average higher for carriers compared to non-carriers (p < 0.0001). All respondents would opt for the test again, and 80.2% would recommend it to others. The results suggest that ECS should ideally be offered before pregnancy, to minimise anxiety. This study could inform current and future implementation initiatives of preconception ECS.

Reproductive Autonomy and Evolutionary Biology: A Regulatory Framework for Trait-Selection Technologies

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-231
Author(s):  
Owen D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Reproductive Autonomy ◽  
Future Child

The Constitution protects, in some measure, each person's autonomy in making basic decisions about family, parenthood, and procreation. This Article examines the extent to which courts should protect from government intrusions a parent's access to technologies that influence specific characteristics of offspring. Beginning with Supreme Court opinions that articulate constitutional and social values regarding reproductive autonomy, the Article explores how important new insights from evolutionary biology may supplement an understanding of Human procreation. Specifically, the Article explains how trait selection can constitute an important part of larger “reproductive strategies” that powerfully affect an individual's “inclusive fitness” (itself a measure of reproductive success). It concludes that access to trait-selection technologies should receive the same federal protection from government intrusions as that afforded access to abortion. It proposes the first limit to that protection, however, when a parent seeks to select for a trait, or to use a technique, that would be clearly and significantly damaging to the future child. The Article subsequently divides the use of trait-selection technologies (TSTs) into eight contexts and proposes a preliminary framework by which a regulatory system could legitimately distinguish among them.

Characterizing attitudes related to child-bearing in young women diagnosed with early breast cancer (EBC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Saumya Umashankar ◽  
Moming Li ◽  
Mi-Ok Kim ◽  
Hope S. Rugo ◽  
Michelle E. Melisko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Future Child ◽  
Increasing Risk

165 Background: Young women diagnosed with breast cancer face unique challenges. The desire to have a biologic child (bchild) is often a factor in treatment decisions at diagnosis and follow-up. The aim of this study is to characterize the intentions, attitudes, and decision factors considered by young women who desire to have a bchild after a diagnosis of EBC. Methods: This prospective study included young women diagnosed with stage 1-3 EBC under age 45 who saw an oncologist at UCSF’s Breast Care Center (BCC). Young women < 6 months from diagnosis were invited to complete a baseline REDCap survey on fertility, child-bearing, and family-building. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses. Chi square and independent samples t tests were used to compare demographics. Covariates were analyzed using odds ratios. Results: From Feb 2018 to Dec 2020, 166 eligible pts seen at the UCSF BCC were contacted, 143 pts consented, and 108 (75.5%) completed the baseline survey. Of the 108 pts, 57 (53%) were interested in having a bchild in the future. Age was the biggest driver of whether participants were interested in future child-bearing vs. not (Mean = 35.4 vs 40.9, p < 0.001) and was not influenced by stage, receptor status, or treatment. 73.6% (N = 42) of those interested in future child-bearing underwent or planned to undergo fertility preservation (FP). FP was associated with full time employment (p = 0.03) and higher education (p = 0.02). Of the 57 pts interested in future child-bearing (42 HR+, 11 TN, 12 HER2+), 30% wished to start trying to conceive within 2 years from diagnosis, and only 20% would wait 5 years or more. 43% (N = 18) of those with HR+ disease were willing to complete 5 years of hormone therapy (HT) before trying to conceive. Given hypothetical risk scenarios of an incurable cancer recurrence, 16.3% of participants were interested in a future bchild despite a 75-100% hypothetical risk of recurrence (ROR). Young women self-identified as Asian were less inclined to pursue child-bearing with increasing risk (OR = 0.3 vs. Caucasian, p = 0.04), while BRCA-carriers were more likely to remain interested in future child-bearing despite increasing risk (OR = 6.43 vs. non-carriers, p = 0.03). 59% would stop adjuvant HT early if the hypothetical absolute increased ROR from early discontinuation was < 10%. Conclusions: In this single-institution study, over half of young women with EBC expressed a desire to have a future bchild. This was independent of stage, receptor status, and treatment; the majority of women wished to conceive < 5 years from diagnosis. The desire for a future bchild decreased with increasing hypothetical risk of incurable recurrence; however, a subset wished to attempt child-bearing even when an incurable recurrence was certain. Having a bchild after EBC is a priority for many young women and should be addressed at diagnosis and throughout the continuum of care.

Actual and Perceived Parental Knowledge and Child Delinquency: Does the Sex of the Parent, the Sex of the Child, and the Child’s Age Make a Difference?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110551
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
School Children ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Future Child ◽  
Middle Adolescence

Parental knowledge was tested as a possible deterrent to future delinquency in 3914 (51% male) early to mid-adolescent school children from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Using three waves of data, parent-rated mother and father knowledge were tested as correlates of future delinquency, controlling for age, perceived parental knowledge, and the willingness of children to share their thoughts and feelings with parents. Variables from Wave 5 (age 12/13) were used to predict delinquency at Wave 6 (age 14/15), and variables from Wave 6 were used to predict delinquency at Wave 7 (age 16/17). Results showed that mother- but not father-reported knowledge effectively deterred future child delinquency. A significant sex x mother knowledge interaction was found in both analyses, indicating that boys experienced a stronger deterrent effect than girls. It was further demonstrated that the deterrent effect of parental knowledge on child delinquency was stronger in early adolescence than in middle adolescence.

scholarly journals Barriers to a healthy lifestyle for three- to four-year-old children of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with post-gestational diabetes: An Australian qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehzeeb Zulfiqar ◽  
Christopher J Nolan ◽  
Cathy Banwell ◽  
Rosemary Young ◽  
Lynelle Boisseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Physical Activity Advice ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Future Child

Children of mothers affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of long-term cardio-metabolic diseases. We explore the diet and physical activity knowledge and practices of Australian-born and overseas-born mothers with GDM history, for their three- to four-year-old children following antenatal health promotion education at a tertiary hospital. We conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 8 Australian-born and 15 overseas-born mothers with a history of GDM. Findings indicated that mothers of both groups were unaware of the increased health risks of their GDM for their children and could not recall receiving specific dietary or physical activity advice aimed at future child health. Their understanding of the diet and physical activity recommendations was inconsistent. Mothers of both groups expressed concern about the lack of reiteration of child health promotion messages following childbirth, particularly at postnatal follow-up visits. Diet and physical activity of the children of overseas-born mothers were adversely affected by inadequate maternal understanding of the recommendations due to language barriers, and child weight, healthy eating, and physical activity patterns derived from their home countries. We recommend enhanced health education for women with GDM on the future child health risks and their reduction by healthy lifestyle choices. This needs to be culturally relevant and reiterated after pregnancy.

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