A ring-down technique implemented in CMOS-MEMS resonator circuits for wide-range pressure sensing applications

Optical sensing is one of many promising applications for all-dielectric photonic materials. Herein, we present an analytical and numerical study on the strain-responsive spectral properties of a bioinspired sensor. The sensor structure contains a two-dimensional periodic array of dielectric nanodisks to mimic the optical behavior of grana lamellae inside chloroplasts. To accumulate a noticeable response, we exploit the collective optical mode in grana ensemble. In higher plants, such a mode appears as Wood’s anomaly near the chlorophyll absorption line to control the photosynthesis rate. The resonance is shown persistent against moderate biological disorder and deformation. Under the stretching or compression of a symmetric structure, the mode splits into a couple of polarized modes. The frequency difference is accurately detected. It depends on the stretch coefficient almost linearly providing easy calibration of the strain-sensing device. The sensitivity of the considered structure remains at 5 nm/% in a wide range of strain. The influence of the stretching coefficient on the length of the reciprocal lattice vectors, as well as on the angle between them, is taken into account. This adaptive phenomenon is suggested for sensing applications in biomimetic optical nanomaterials.

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CMOS-MEMS Based Current Mirror MOSFET Embedded Pressure Sensor for Healthcare and Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.315 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 647 ◽

pp. 315-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar Rathore ◽

Brishbhan Singh Panwar

Keyword(s):

Pressure Sensor ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Circuit Simulation ◽

Applied Pressure ◽

Pressure Sensors ◽

Cmos Technology ◽

Current Mirror ◽

Sensing Element ◽

Pressure Sensing ◽

Cmos Mems

This paper reports on the design and optimization of current mirror MOSFET embedded pressure sensor. A current mirror circuit with an output current of 1 mA integrated with a pressure sensing n-channel MOSFET has been designed using standard 5 µm CMOS technology. The channel region of the pressure sensing MOSFET forms the flexible diaphragm as well as the strain sensing element. The piezoresistive effect in MOSFET has been exploited for the calculation of strain induced carrier mobility variation. The output transistor of the current mirror forms the active pressure sensing MOSFET which produces a change in its drain current as a result of altered channel mobility under externally applied pressure. COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized for the simulation of pressure sensing structure and Tspice is employed to evaluate the characteristics of the current mirror pressure sensing circuit. Simulation results show that the pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 10.01 mV/MPa. The sensing structure has been optimized through simulation for enhancing the sensor sensitivity to 276.65 mV/MPa. These CMOS-MEMS based pressure sensors integrated with signal processing circuitry on the same chip can be used for healthcare and biomedical applications.

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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Structures with Nonlinear Photoluminescence

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8040121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Ekaterina Ponkratova ◽

Eduard Ageev ◽

Filipp Komissarenko ◽

Sergei Koromyslov ◽

Dmitry Kudryashov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visible Spectral Region ◽

Single Step ◽

Hybrid Nanostructures ◽

Nonlinear Properties ◽

Nanophotonic Devices ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nonlinear Signal ◽

Dielectric Structures

Fabrication of hybrid micro- and nanostructures with a strong nonlinear response is challenging and represents a great interest due to a wide range of photonic applications. Usually, such structures are produced by quite complicated and time-consuming techniques. This work demonstrates laser-induced hybrid metal-dielectric structures with strong nonlinear properties obtained by a single-step fabrication process. We determine the influence of several incident femtosecond pulses on the Au/Si bi-layer film on produced structure morphology. The created hybrid systems represent isolated nanoparticles with a height of 250–500 nm exceeding the total thickness of the Au-Si bi-layer. It is shown that fabricated hybrid nanostructures demonstrate enhancement of the SHG signal (up to two orders of magnitude) compared to the initial planar sample and a broadband photoluminescence signal (more than 200 nm in width) in the visible spectral region. We establish the correlation between nonlinear signal and phase composition provided by Raman scattering measurements. Such laser-induced structures have significant potential in optical sensing applications and can be used as components for different nanophotonic devices.

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A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1961

Author(s):

Francesco Arcadio ◽

Luigi Zeni ◽

Aldo Minardo ◽

Caterina Eramo ◽

Stefania Di Di Ronza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Slab Waveguide ◽

Grating Pattern ◽

Transparent Substrate ◽

Synthetic Receptor ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plastic Optical Fibers ◽

Highly Sensitive Detection

In a specific biosensing application, a nanoplasmonic sensor chip has been tested by an experimental setup based on an aluminum holder and two plastic optical fibers used to illuminate and collect the transmitted light. The studied plasmonic probe is based on gold nanograting, realized on the top of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip. The PMMA substrate could be considered as a transparent substrate and, in such a way, it has been already used in previous work. Alternatively, here it is regarded as a slab waveguide. In particular, we have deposited upon the slab surface, covered with a nanograting, a synthetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin (BSA), to test the proposed biosensing approach. Exploiting this different experimental configuration, we have determined how the orientation of the nanostripes forming the grating pattern, with respect to the direction of the input light (longitudinal or orthogonal), influences the biosensing performances. For example, the best limit of detection (LOD) in the BSA detection that has been obtained is equal to 23 pM. Specifically, the longitudinal configuration is characterized by two observable plasmonic phenomena, each sensitive to a different BSA concentration range, ranging from pM to µM. This aspect plays a key role in several biochemical sensing applications, where a wide working range is required.

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Wide range and highly linear signal processed systematic humidity sensor array using Methylene Blue and Graphene composite

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair Khan ◽

Gul Hassan ◽

Rayyan Ali Shaukat ◽

Qazi Muhammad Saqib ◽

Mahesh Y. Chougale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Linear Combination ◽

Linear Function ◽

Humidity Sensor ◽

Sensor Array ◽

Combination Method ◽

Humidity Sensing ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Graphene Flakes

AbstractThis paper proposes a signal processed systematic 3 × 3 humidity sensor array with all range and highly linear humidity response based on different particles size composite inks and different interspaces of interdigital electrodes (IDEs). The fabricated sensors are patterned through a commercial inkjet printer and the composite of Methylene Blue and Graphene with three different particle sizes of bulk Graphene Flakes (BGF), Graphene Flakes (GF), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD), which are employed as an active layer using spin coating technique on three types of IDEs with different interspaces of 300, 200, and 100 µm. All range linear function (0–100% RH) is achieved by applying the linear combination method of nine sensors in the signal processing field, where weights for linear combination are required, which are estimated by the least square solution. The humidity sensing array shows a fast response time (Tres) of 0.2 s and recovery time (Trec) of 0.4 s. From the results, the proposed humidity sensor array opens a new gateway for a wide range of humidity sensing applications with a linear function.

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Characterization of CMOS-MEMS resonator by pulsed mode electrostatic actuation

2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium ◽

10.1109/freq.2010.5556300 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JL. Munoz-Gamarra ◽

E. Marigo ◽

J. Giner ◽

A. Uranga ◽

F. Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Actuation ◽

Pulsed Mode ◽

Mems Resonator ◽

Cmos Mems

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Practical Applications of a Multisensor UAV Platform Based on Multispectral, Thermal and RGB High Resolution Images in Precision Viticulture

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture8070116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alessandro Matese ◽

Salvatore Di Gennaro

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Stress Index ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Water Stress Index ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Precision Viticulture

High spatial ground resolution and highly flexible and timely control due to reduced planning time are the strengths of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms for remote sensing applications. These characteristics make them ideal especially in the medium–small agricultural systems typical of many Italian viticulture areas of excellence. UAV can be equipped with a wide range of sensors useful for several applications. Numerous assessments have been made using several imaging sensors with different flight times. This paper describes the implementation of a multisensor UAV system capable of flying with three sensors simultaneously to perform different monitoring options. The intra-vineyard variability was assessed in terms of characterization of the state of vines vigor using a multispectral camera, leaf temperature with a thermal camera and an innovative approach of missing plants analysis with a high spatial resolution RGB camera. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values detected in different vigor blocks were compared with shoot weights, obtaining a good regression (R2 = 0.69). The crop water stress index (CWSI) map, produced after canopy pure pixel filtering, highlighted the homogeneous water stress areas. The performance index developed from RGB images shows that the method identified 80% of total missing plants. The applicability of a UAV platform to use RGB, multispectral and thermal sensors was tested for specific purposes in precision viticulture and was demonstrated to be a valuable tool for fast multipurpose monitoring in a vineyard.

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Remote Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Mangrove Species, Structure, and Biomass: Opportunities and Challenges

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11030230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 230 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Tien Pham ◽

Naoto Yokoya ◽

Dieu Bui ◽

Kunihiko Yoshino ◽

Daniel Friess

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Species Structure ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Wide Range

The mangrove ecosystem plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change. However, mangroves have been lost worldwide, resulting in substantial carbon stock losses. Additionally, some aspects of the mangrove ecosystem remain poorly characterized compared to other forest ecosystems due to practical difficulties in measuring and monitoring mangrove biomass and their carbon stocks. Without a quantitative method for effectively monitoring biophysical parameters and carbon stocks in mangroves, robust policies and actions for sustainably conserving mangroves in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation are more difficult. In this context, remote sensing provides an important tool for monitoring mangroves and identifying attributes such as species, biomass, and carbon stocks. A wide range of studies is based on optical imagery (aerial photography, multispectral, and hyperspectral) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Remote sensing approaches have been proven effective for mapping mangrove species, estimating their biomass, and assessing changes in their extent. This review provides an overview of the techniques that are currently being used to map various attributes of mangroves, summarizes the studies that have been undertaken since 2010 on a variety of remote sensing applications for monitoring mangroves, and addresses the limitations of these studies. We see several key future directions for the potential use of remote sensing techniques combined with machine learning techniques for mapping mangrove areas and species, and evaluating their biomass and carbon stocks.

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