Determination of the Residual Capacity of the Chemical Current Source

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shirokov ◽  
E. Shirokova ◽  
I. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Residual Capacity

scholarly journals Analysis of operating variables for Yerba mate leaves supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Teofilovic ◽  
Nevena Grujic-Letic ◽  
Strahinja Kovacevic ◽  
Sanja Podunavac-Kuzmanovic ◽  
Slobodan Gadzuric
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Positive Results

Given the increasing demand for potassium in Brazil, the mining and use of carnallite is becoming increasingly important, because the current source of potassium, sylvinite, is being depleted and there is a risk of shortages. Based on theoretical and practical data available in existing literature, this work describes the development, simulation, and economic feasibility of a process for dissolution and crystallization of potassium chloride from carnallite ore. Positive results were obtained following the application of the Hoffman diagram and determination of the corresponding equation. The proposed process provided over 85% potassium chloride crystallization, demonstrating its superior performance, compared to existing procedures.

Chemical Current Source Express Diagnostics Using Noise Spectroscopy on the Example of Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Noise Spectroscopy

Lithium-thionyl chloride battery voltage is practically not changing during the discharge process and drops sharply being completely discharged. In this regard, the problem of non-destructive quality control of the chemical current sources (first of all, the discharge degree) before installation thereof in the equipment becomes of particular importance. Microcalorimetric studies make it possible to rather correctly determine the current source internal self-discharge rate, predict the LCCS shelf life and its performance term. However, the heat release absolute value in current sources with sufficient storability, i.e., with low self-discharge, is very small; therefore, it is necessary to use sensitive, stationary and large-sized equipment. This makes such diagnostics impossible when operating in the stand-alone conditions. The impedance spectroscopy method could be proposed to solve this problem. However, satisfactory results are only obtained in the 0--70 % residual capacitance range. Determination of residual capacitance in the 70--100 % range appears to be rather difficult due to the absence of noticeable alteration in the informative parameter within the limits of its absolute deviation from the mean value. In this regard, it looks advisable to use noise spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of chemical current sources to expand the residual capacitance diagnostics range to the 70--100 % domain, as well as to increase reliability of the chemical current source diagnostic estimate in the range of 50--70 %. Results of the electrochemical noise measurement analysis confirm promising application of the noise spectroscopy method in estimating current state of the primary chemical current sources in their low discharge domains

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE FROM DISSOLVED REACTION PRODUCTS DURING WORK OF THE AIR-ALUMINUM CHEMICAL CURRENT SOURCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
N. S. OKOROKOVA ◽  
A. V. PERCHENOK ◽  
E. V. SUVOROVA ◽  
A. A. FARMAKOVSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Process Solutions

The relevance of the article is based on the fact that the state of work on the creation of power sources (PS) with AA chemical current sources (CCS) is at the stage of development and testing of prototypes. The purpose of this article is to calculate dimensions of the electrolyte circuit and the crystallizer. There were experimental studies of the decomposition kinetics of the process solutions of potassium aluminate in the range of temperatures and compositions corresponding to operating conditions with PS AA CCS for various purposes. This study presents the results of applying various methods of cleaning an alkaline electrolyte from dissolved reaction products formed during the operation of an air-aluminum (AA) chemical current source (CCS). The kinetic parameters of decomposition of aluminate solutions were experimentally determined, depending on temperature, the concentration of dissolved aluminum, concentration of initial aluminum hydroxide and the size of the first surface. The dimensions of the electrolyte purification systems from dissolved reaction products — electrolyte circuit and crystallizer — were calculated, which significantly increased the time continuous operation of power sources (PS) based on AA CCS. It was demonstrated that for a 100 W power supply, the crystallizer volume should be 1.3 l with initial concentration of 20 % of mass. The mass of water consumed during the operation of the PS for 6 hours is 1.4 kg.

Serial determination of lung volume in small animals by nitrogen washout

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Standaert ◽  
W. A. LaFramboise ◽  
R. E. Tuck ◽  
D. E. Woodrum
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Serial Determination ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Volume Measurements

This report describes the design of an apparatus and the procedures used to serially measure the total lung capacity and the functional residual capacity of small animals utilizing the N2-washout technique. The calibration data indicate that the technique is accurate to within 1 ml and has a variance of less than 5%. The in vivo lung volume measurements of rats were validated by comparing them with values obtained with a water-displacement technique; the means were within 0.3 ml. Examples of the precision and changes in lung volume of animals during studies are included to demonstrate the reliability and usefulness of the technique.

Influence of abdominal gas on the Boyle's law determination of thoracic gas volume

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brown ◽  
F. G. Hoppin ◽  
R. H. Ingram ◽  
N. A. Saunders ◽  
E. R. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Boyle’S Law ◽  
Different Levels

In a body plethysmograph we have demonstrated differences in total lung capacity (TLC) derived from panting maneuvers performed at different levels in the vital capacity. In almost all cases, the discrepancies were due to the magnitude of the abdominal gas volume (AGV) and the relative magnitude of abdominal and thoracic pressure swings during the panting mandeuver. When panting was performed at functional residual capacity (FRC), the effect of AGV compression on the determination of thoracid gas volume (TGV) was small. Of 11 individuals studied 2 were known to have mild asthma. Compression and decompression of AGV appeared to be an insufficient explanation for discrepancies in derived TLC's in these two, suggesting that other as yet unidentified factors may influence the plethysmographic determination of TGV.

Electroreduction of Cobalt(II) Chloride and Cobalt(II) Fluoride Mixtures in a Thermally Activated Chemical Current Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
O. V. Volkova ◽  
V. V. Zakharov ◽  
S. V. Plaksin ◽  
E. A. Il’ina ◽  
A. A. Pankratov
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Thermally Activated

Electrolytic Behavior of Nickel in Polarization by Variable Asymmetric Rectangular Current in Alkaline Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1010-1016
Author(s):  
V.V. Demiyan ◽  
E.A. Zelenskaya ◽  
N.P. Shabelskaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Nickel Oxide Electrode ◽  
Anode Pulse

The paper presents experimental data on nickel oxidation during electrolysis under rectangular alternating current in alkaline solutions, when the cathode pulse (Iк ) is greater than the anode pulse ( Iа ). During the process, intense nickel destruction occurs forming bivalent oxide powder. Under prolonged electrolysis, this powder deposits at the bottom of the electrolyzer in the form of a sponge. The results obtained can be used to produce active mass in the porous nickel oxide electrode of a chemical current source.

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