Photon Propagation using GPUs by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Chirkin ◽  
Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez ◽  
Claudio Kopper ◽  
Alexander Olivas ◽  
Benedikt Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Propagation

Study of photon propagation in a liquid scattering medium

1997 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Marengo ◽  
C Pépin ◽  
D Houde
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Medium ◽  
Photon Propagation

scholarly journals Noisy effects in interferometric quantum gravity tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1740014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Benatti ◽  
R. Floreanini ◽  
S. Olivares ◽  
E. Sindici
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Canonical Commutation Relations ◽  
Commutation Relations ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Gravity Theories ◽  
Planck Scale Effects

Quantum-enhanced metrology is boosting interferometer sensitivities to extraordinary levels, up to the point where table-top experiments have been proposed to measure Planck-scale effects predicted by quantum gravity theories. In setups involving multiple photon interferometers, as those for measuring the so-called holographic fluctuations, entanglement provides substantial improvements in sensitivity. Entanglement is however a fragile resource and may be endangered by decoherence phenomena. We analyze how noisy effects arising either from the weak coupling to an external environment or from the modification of the canonical commutation relations in photon propagation may affect this entanglement-enhanced gain in sensitivity.

Quantifying contact force artefact in near infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Superficial Tissues

Transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of muscle requires coupling between the device and the skin. An unfortunate by-product of this coupling is contact force artefact, where the amount of contact force between the device and the skin affects measurements. Contact force artefact is well known, but largely ignored in most NIRS research. We performed preliminary investigations of contact force artefact to quantify tissue behaviour to inform future NIRS designs. Specifically, we conducted three studies on contact force artefact: (i) an experimental investigation of static load at varied levels of contact force and muscle activation, (ii) an experimental investigation of oscillating load at varied levels of contact force and frequency, and (iii) a Monte Carlo simulation of photon propagation through skin, adipose tissue, and muscle. Our results confirmed that contact force artefact is a confounding factor in NIRS muscle measurements because contact force affects measured hemoglobin concentrations in a manner consistent with muscle contractions. Further, the effects of contact force are not altered by muscle contraction and a likely candidate for the mechanism responsible for contact force artefact is the viscoelastic compression of superficial tissues (skin and adipose) during loading. Simulation data suggests that adipose tissue plays a key role in diffuse reflectance of photons, so any compression of the superficial tissues will affect the reflected signal. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms behind contact force artefact, which will, in turn, inform future NIRS device designs.

Research on the Near-Infrared (NIR) Photon Migration in the Knee

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Chen ◽  
Xiong Ma ◽  
Chun Bin Li ◽  
Song Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Photon Migration ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Distribution Rule

To study the phenomena of photon migration in the knee joint is very important in the field of non-invasive near-infrared optical early diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA). In this paper, a photon propagation model of the knee layered structure based on Monte Carlo method is proposed. The migration trace and distribution rule of the photons in knee layered structure are simulated by the Monte Carlo modeling. The proportion of photons which collide with bone tissue then migrate out of the muscle tissue and photons directly migrate out of muscle tissue is calculated and analyzed. The conclusion is that the MC method provided in this study is useful to analyze the photon migration in knee layered structure and to place the detector in a suitable position.

Near-infrared photon propagation in complex knee by Monte-Carlo modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S21701-321704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Chen Yanping Chen ◽  
Xiong Ma Xiong Ma ◽  
Xiaoling Wang Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Shaojie Wang Shaojie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Monte Carlo Modeling ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Infrared Photon

Periodic waves and solitons of two-photon propagation

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 4127-4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Kamchatnov ◽  
F Ginovart
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Waves ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Two Photon

Depth Profiling in Diffusely Scattering Media Using Raman Spectroscopy and Picosecond Kerr Gating

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matousek ◽  
N. Everall ◽  
M. Towrie ◽  
A. W. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Pmma Layer ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Optically Transparent

We demonstrate how pulsed laser Raman excitation (∼1 ps) followed by fast optical Kerr gating (∼4 ps) can be used to effectively separate Raman signals originating from different depths in heterogeneous diffusely scattering media. The diffuse scattering slows down photon propagation through turbid samples enabling higher depth resolution than would be obtained for a given instrumental time resolution in an optically transparent medium. Two types of experiments on two-layer systems demonstrate the ability to differentiate between surface and sub-surface Raman signals. A Raman spectrum was obtained of stilbene powder buried beneath a 1 mm over-layer of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) powder. The signal contrasts of the lower stilbene layer and upper PMMA layer were improved by factors ≥5 and ≥180, respectively, by rejecting the Raman component of the counterpart layer. The ability to select the Raman signal of a thin top surface layer in preference to those from an underlying diffusely scattering substrate was demonstrated using a 100 μm thick optically transparent film of PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) on top of stilbene powder. The gating resulted in the suppression of the underlying stilbene Raman signal by a factor of 1200. The experiments were performed in back-scattering geometry using 400 nm excitation wavelength. The experimental technique should be well suited to biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis.

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