A Light Functional Dimension Estimation Model for Software Maintenance

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting economic growth in ASEAN member countries during the period of 2005 - 2014, with the countries sampled in this study were six countries namely Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The method of analysis used is the method of Data Panel Regression and Fixed Efect estimation model by using analytical tool to help process data is Eviews 7 program. While data used is panel data from eight ASEAN countries covering 10 year periods. The result of analysis shows that the acceptance of International Tourism Sector and Foreign Direct Investment has positive and significantinfluenceto the economic growth in eight ASEAN countries while the Labor Force is inconclusive. The study also found that Export of Goods and Services had a negative and significanteffect on economic growth.

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Estimating nitrogen contents of apple leaves based on hyperspectral parameter models at different phenophases

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v6i2.5377 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 942-952

Author(s):

Xicun ZHU ◽

Zhuoyuan WANG ◽

Lulu GAO ◽

Gengxing ZHAO ◽

Ling WANG

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Network Model ◽

Neural Network Model ◽

Bp Neural Network ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Hyperspectral Data ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Apple Leaves ◽

Bp Neural Network Model ◽

Nitrogen Contents

The objective of the paper is to explore the best phenophase for estimating the nitrogen contents of apple leaves, to establish the best estimation model of the hyperspectral data at different phenophases. It is to improve the apple trees precise fertilization and production management. The experiments were done in 20 orchards in the field, measured hyperspectral data and nitrogen contents of apple leaves at three phenophases in two years, which were shoot growth phenophase, spring shoots pause growth phenophase, autumn shoots pause growth phenophase. The study analyzed the nitrogen contents of apple leaves with its original spectral and first derivative, screened sensitive wavelengths of each phenophase. The hyperspectral parameters were built with the sensitive wavelengths. Multiple stepwise regressions, partial least squares and BP neural network model were adopted in the study. The results showed that 551 nm, 716 nm, 530 nm, 703 nm; 543 nm, 705 nm, 699 nm, 756 nm and 545 nm, 702 nm, 695 nm, 746 nm were sensitive wavelengths of three phenophases. R551+R716, R551*R716, FDR530+FDR703, FDR530*FDR703; R543+R705, R543*R705, FDR699+FDR756, FDR699*FDR756and R545+R702, R545*R702, FDR695+FDR746, FDR695*FDR746 were the best hyperspectral parameters of each phenophase. Of all the estimation models, the estimated effect of shoot growth phenophase was better than other two phenophases, so shoot growth phenophase was the best phenophase to estimate the nitrogen contents of apple leaves based on hyperspectral models. In the three models, the 4-3-1 BP neural network model of shoot growth phenophase was the best estimation model. The R2 of estimated value and measured value was 0.6307, RE% was 23.37, RMSE was 0.6274.

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Evaluation of Distribution Network Customer Outage Costs

Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Power and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2478/v10144-009-0001-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (25) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laila Zemīte ◽

Jānis Gerhards

Keyword(s):

Distribution Network ◽

Mean Value ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Energy Assessment ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Rate Calculation

Evaluation of Distribution Network Customer Outage CostsCustomer outage cost criteria are considered, collected and analyzed outage costs in Latvia distribution network, as well as distribution network outage elimination structure, the most common outage causes, are proposed outage costs estimation model. Finally the discussion of results of expected customer outage costs and interrupted energy assessment rate calculation results in Latvia distribution network in 2007 are presented, based on customers' mean value of incomes, outcomes and profitability.

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