Noninvasive simultaneous measurement of blood pressure and blood flow velocity for hemodynamic analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kato ◽  
Shunsuke Yoshimoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Kuroda ◽  
Masataka Imura ◽  
Shingo Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement

Diurnal variation in time to presyncope and associated circulatory changes during a controlled orthostatic challenge

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. R55-R61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. S. Lewis ◽  
G. Atkinson ◽  
S. J. E. Lucas ◽  
E. J. M. Grant ◽  
H. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Orthostatic Challenge ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Neurally Mediated Syncope

Epidemiological data indicate that the risk of neurally mediated syncope is substantially higher in the morning. Syncope is precipitated by cerebral hypoperfusion, yet no chronobiological experiment has been undertaken to examine whether the major circulatory factors, which influence perfusion, show diurnal variation during a controlled orthostatic challenge. Therefore, we examined the diurnal variation in orthostatic tolerance and circulatory function measured at baseline and at presyncope. In a repeated-measures experiment, conducted at 0600 and 1600, 17 normotensive volunteers, aged 26 ± 4 yr (mean ± SD), rested supine at baseline and then underwent a 60° head-up tilt with 5-min incremental stages of lower body negative pressure until standardized symptoms of presyncope were apparent. Pretest hydration status was similar at both times of day. Continuous beat-to-beat measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity, blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and end-tidal Pco2 were obtained. At baseline, mean cerebral blood flow velocity was 9 ± 2 cm/s (15%) lower in the morning than the afternoon ( P < 0.0001). The mean time to presyncope was shorter in the morning than in the afternoon (27.2 ± 10.5 min vs. 33.1 ± 7.9 min; 95% CI: 0.4 to 11.4 min, P = 0.01). All measurements made at presyncope did not show diurnal variation ( P > 0.05), but the changes over time (from baseline to presyncope time) in arterial blood pressure, estimated peripheral vascular resistance, and α-index baroreflex sensitivity were greater during the morning tests ( P < 0.05). These data indicate that tolerance to an incremental orthostatic challenge is markedly reduced in the morning due to diurnal variations in the time-based decline in blood pressure and the initial cerebral blood flow velocity “reserve” rather than the circulatory status at eventual presyncope. Such information may be used to help identify individuals who are particularly prone to orthostatic intolerance in the morning.

Direct Cerebral Vasodilatory Effects of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil F. Matta ◽  
Karen J. Heath ◽  
Kate Tipping ◽  
Andrew C. Summors
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
End Tidal

Background The effect of volatile anesthetics on cerebral blood flow depends on the balance between the indirect vasoconstrictive action secondary to flow-metabolism coupling and the agent's intrinsic vasodilatory action. This study compared the direct cerebral vasodilatory actions of 0.5 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane and isoflurane during an propofol-induced isoelectric electroencephalogram. Methods Twenty patients aged 20-62 yr with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II requiring general anesthesia for routine spinal surgery were recruited. In addition to routine monitoring, a transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, and an electroencephalograph to measure brain electrical activity. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 2 micro/g/kg, and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg, and a propofol infusion was used to achieve electroencephalographic isoelectricity. End-tidal carbon dioxide, blood pressure, and temperature were maintained constant throughout the study period. Cerebral blood flow velocity, mean blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded after 20 min of isoelectric encephalogram. Patients were then assigned to receive either age-adjusted 0.5 MAC (0.8-1%) or 1.5 MAC (2.4-3%) end-tidal sevoflurane; or age-adjusted 0.5 MAC (0.5-0.7%) or 1.5 MAC (1.5-2%) end-tidal isoflurane. After 15 min of unchanged end-tidal concentration, the variables were measured again. The concentration of the inhalational agent was increased or decreased as appropriate, and all measurements were repeated again. All measurements were performed before the start of surgery. An infusion of 0.01% phenylephrine was used as necessary to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline levels. Results Although both agents increased blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC, this increase was significantly less during sevoflurane anesthesia (4+/-3 and 17+/-3% at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane; 19+/-3 and 72+/-9% at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane [mean +/- SD]; P&lt;0.05). All patients required phenylephrine (100-300 microg) to maintain mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline during 1.5 MAC anesthesia. Conclusions In common with other volatile anesthetic agents, sevoflurane has an intrinsic dose-dependent cerebral vasodilatory effect. However, this effect is less than that of isoflurane.

Suctioning and Cerebral Blood Flow

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-737
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. PERLMAN ◽  
JOSEPH J. VOLPE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Arterial Blood

In Reply.— Marshall misread a critical piece of information in the text. His interpretation of the data would be correct, if the intracranial pressure, arterial blood pressure, and cerebral blood flow velocity changes occurred simultaneously. However, as we stated in the text (see section on "Temporal Features of Changes with Suctioning"), the intracranial pressure fell to base-line values immediately following suctioning, whereas the changes in arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity occurred more slowly over an approximately two-minute period.

Cerebral blood flow velocity response to induced and spontaneous sudden changes in arterial blood pressure

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. H2162-H2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronney B. Panerai ◽  
Suzanne L. Dawson ◽  
Penelope J. Eames ◽  
John F. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Step Responses

The influence of different types of maneuvers that can induce sudden changes of arterial blood pressure (ABP) on the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) response was studied in 56 normal subjects (mean age 62 yr, range 23–80). ABP was recorded in the finger with a Finapres device, and bilateral recordings of CBFV were performed with Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries. Recordings were performed at rest (baseline) and during the thigh cuff test, lower body negative pressure, cold pressor test, hand grip, and Valsalva maneuver. From baseline recordings, positive and negative spontaneous transients were also selected. Stability of Pco 2 was monitored with transcutaneous measurements. Dynamic autoregulatory index (ARI), impulse, and step responses were obtained for 1-min segments of data for the eight conditions by fitting a mathematical model to the ABP-CBFV baseline and transient data (Aaslid's model) and by the Wiener-Laguerre moving-average method. Impulse responses were similar for the right- and left-side recordings, and their temporal pattern was not influenced by type of maneuver. Step responses showed a sudden rise at time 0 and then started to fall back to their original level, indicating an active autoregulation. ARI was also independent of the type of maneuver, giving an overall mean of 4.7 ± 2.9 ( n = 602 recordings). Amplitudes of the impulse and step responses, however, were significantly influenced by type of maneuver and were highly correlated with the resistance-area product before the sudden change in ABP ( r = −0.93, P < 0.0004). These results suggest that amplitude of the CBFV step response is sensitive to the point of operation of the instantaneous ABP-CBFV relationship, which can be shifted by different maneuvers. Various degrees of sympathetic nervous system activation resulting from different ABP-stimulating maneuvers were not reflected by CBFV dynamic autoregulatory responses within the physiological range of ABP.

scholarly journals A Single-Connector Stent Antenna for Intravascular Monitoring Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Biomedical Signals ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Intravascular Stents ◽  
Further Development

Recently, smart stents have been developed by integrating various sensors with intravascular stents for detecting vascular restenosis or monitoring intravascular biomedical conditions such as blood pressure or blood flow velocity. The information on biomedical signals is then transmitted to external monitoring systems via wireless communications. Due to the limited volumes of blood vessels and limited influence of blood flow, antennas with good radiation performance are required for intravascular applications. In this paper, we propose a stent antenna composed of multiple rings containing crowns and struts, where each ring is connected with one connector. Unlike a conventional stent, wherein each ring is connected with several connectors, the single connector prevents the random distribution of electrical current and thus achieves good radiation performance. The implantable stent antenna is designed for the frequency range of 2 to 3 GHz for minimum penetration loss in the human body and tissues. Mechanical FEM simulations were conducted to ensure that the mechanical deformation was within specific limits during balloon expansions. A prototype was fabricated with laser cutting techniques and its radiation performance experimentally characterized. It was demonstrated that the fabricated stent antenna had an omnidirectional radiation pattern for arbitrary receiving angles, a gain of 1.38 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of 74.5% at a resonant frequency of 2.07 GHz. The main contribution of this work was the manipulation of the current distributions of the stent for good EM radiation performances which needed to be further examined while inserted inside human bodies. These research results should contribute to the further development of implantable wireless communications and intravascular monitoring of biomedical signals such as blood pressure and blood flow velocity.

Comparison of of techniques for measuring +Gz tolerance in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Krutz ◽  
S. A. Rositano ◽  
R. E. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Retinal Circulation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flow Changes

Two objective methods and one subjective method for measuring +Gz tolerance (inertial vector in a head-to-foot direction) were compared on the human centrifuge. Direct eye-level blood pressure (Pa), blood flow velocity in the superficial temporal artery (Qta), and subjective visual symptoms were used to determine tolerance to rapid onset acceleration (1 G/s) on the USAFSAM human centrifuge. Seven “relaxed” subjects with extensive centrifuge experience were exposed to gradually increasing +Gz plateaus until the subject reported 100% loss of peripheral centrifuge gondola lights (PLL) and 50% loss of central light (CLD); viz., blackout. Zero forward Qta occurred 6 s (range 4–9 s) before subjective blackout and when mean eye-level blood pressure had reached 20 +/- 1 mmHg (SE). The results of this study indicate that flow changes in the superficial temporal artery reflect flow changes in the retinal circulation during +Gz stress.

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