The variability of co-activation pattern of antagonist muscles in human infant crawling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi L. Xiong ◽  
Xiao Y. Wu ◽  
Nong. Xiao ◽  
Si Y. Zeng ◽  
Xiao L. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Infant ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation

scholarly journals Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4033
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salem ◽  
Amr Hassan ◽  
Markus Tilp ◽  
Abdel-Rahman Akl
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Integrated Emg ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Electrical Muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activation and co-activation of selected muscles during the kettlebell single arm swing exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the muscle co-activation of a kettlebell single arm swing exercise. Nine volunteers participated in the present study (age: 22.6 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 80.4 ± 9.2 kg; height: 175.6 ± 7.5 cm). The electrical muscle activity of eight right agonist/antagonist muscles (AD/PD, ESL/RA, ESI/EO, and GM/RF) were recorded using a surface EMG system (Myon m320RX; Myon, Switzerland) and processed using the integrated EMG to calculate a co-activation index (CoI) for the ascending and descending phases. A significant effect of the ascending and descending phases on the muscles’ CoI was observed. Post hoc analyses showed that the co-activation was significantly higher in the descending phase compared to that in the ascending phase of AD/PD CoI (34.25 ± 18.03% and 24.75 ± 13.03%, p < 0.001), ESL/RA CoI (34.97 ± 17.86% and 24.19 ± 10.32%, p < 0.001), ESI/EO CoI (41.14 ± 10.72% and 30.87 ± 11.26%, p < 0.001), and GM/RF CoI (27.49 ± 12.97% and 34.98 ± 14.97%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the co-activation of the shoulder muscles varies within the kettlebell single arm swing. The highest level of co-activation was observed in the descending phase of AD/PD and GM/RF CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the descending phase, ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI. In addition, the highest level of co-activation was observed in the ascending phase of ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the ascending phase, AD/PD and GM/RF CoI. The co-activation index could be a useful method for the interpretation of the shoulder and core muscles’ co-activity during a kettlebell single arm swing.

Efference copy in kinesthetic perception: A copy of what is it?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Efference Copy ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Muscle Vibration ◽  
Sense Of Effort ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Neural Control Of Movement ◽  
Kinesthetic Perception

A number of notions in the fields of motor control and kinesthetic perception have been used without clear definitions. In this review, we consider definitions for efference copy, percept, and sense of effort based on recent studies within the physical approach, which assumes that the neural control of movement is based on principles of parametric control and involves defining time-varying profiles of spatial referent coordinates for the effectors. The apparent redundancy in both motor and perceptual processes is reconsidered based on the principle of abundance. Abundance of efferent and afferent signals is viewed as the means of stabilizing both salient action characteristics and salient percepts formalized as stable manifolds in high-dimensional spaces of relevant elemental variables. This theoretical scheme has led recently to a number of novel predictions and findings. These include, in particular, lower accuracy in perception of variables produced by elements involved in a multi-element task compared to the same elements in single-element tasks, dissociation between motor and perceptual effects of muscle co-activation, force illusions induced by muscle vibration, and errors in perception of unintentional drifts in performance. Taken together, these results suggest that participation of efferent signals in perception frequently involves distorted copies of actual neural commands, particularly those to antagonist muscles. Sense of effort is associated with such distorted efferent signals. Distortions in efference copy happen spontaneously and can also be caused by changes in sensory signals, e.g., those produced by muscle vibration.

scholarly journals Toward a neuro-inspired creative decoder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payel Das ◽  
Brian Quanz ◽  
Pin-Yu Chen ◽  
Jae-wook Ahn ◽  
Dhruv Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Direct Modulation ◽  
Human Evaluation ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Creative Capacity ◽  
And Task

Creativity, a process that generates novel and meaningful ideas, involves increased association between task-positive (control) and task-negative (default) networks in the human brain. Inspired by this seminal finding, in this study we propose a creative decoder within a deep generative framework, which involves direct modulation of the neuronal activation pattern after sampling from the learned latent space. The proposed approach is fully unsupervised and can be used off- the-shelf. Several novelty metrics and human evaluation were used to evaluate the creative capacity of the deep decoder. Our experiments on different image datasets (MNIST, FMNIST, MNIST+FMNIST, WikiArt and CelebA) reveal that atypical co-activation of highly activated and weakly activated neurons in a deep decoder promotes generation of novel and meaningful artifacts.

scholarly journals Introducing co-activation pattern metrics to quantify spontaneous brain network dynamics

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan E. Chen ◽  
Catie Chang ◽  
Michael D. Greicius ◽  
Gary H. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Pattern Metrics ◽  
Co Activation

FES-induced co-activation of antagonist muscles for upper limb control and disturbance rejection

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1176-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Padilha L. Bó ◽  
Lucas O. da Fonseca ◽  
Ana Carolina C. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation

scholarly journals TbCAPs: A toolbox for co-activation pattern analysis

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 116621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A.W. Bolton ◽  
Constantin Tuleasca ◽  
Diana Wotruba ◽  
Gwladys Rey ◽  
Herberto Dhanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Co Activation

scholarly journals Co‐activation pattern alterations in autism spectrum disorder–A volume‐wise hierarchical clustering fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyri‐Johan Paakki ◽  
Jukka S. Rahko ◽  
Aija Kotila ◽  
Marja‐Leena Mattila ◽  
Helena Miettunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Co Activation
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