Life cycle costs of electric and hybrid electric vehicle batteries and End-of-Life uses

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Price ◽  
Eric Dietz ◽  
Jeff Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Optimal Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Design and Allocation for Minimum Life Cycle Cost, Petroleum Consumption, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau ◽  
Nikhil Kaushal ◽  
Chris T. Hendrickson ◽  
Scott B. Peterson ◽  
Jay F. Whitacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology has the potential to reduce operating cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and petroleum consumption in the transportation sector. However, the net effects of PHEVs depend critically on vehicle design, battery technology, and charging frequency. To examine these implications, we develop an optimization model integrating vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data. The model identifies optimal vehicle designs and allocation of vehicles to drivers for minimum net life cycle cost, GHG emissions, and petroleum consumption under a range of scenarios. We compare conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to PHEVs with equivalent size and performance (similar to a Toyota Prius) under urban driving conditions. We find that while PHEVs with large battery packs minimize petroleum consumption, a mix of PHEVs with packs sized for ∼25–50 miles of electric travel under the average U.S. grid mix (or ∼35–60 miles under decarbonized grid scenarios) produces the greatest reduction in life cycle GHG emissions. Life cycle cost and GHG emissions are minimized using high battery swing and replacing batteries as needed, rather than designing underutilized capacity into the vehicle with corresponding production, weight, and cost implications. At 2008 average U.S. energy prices, Li-ion battery pack costs must fall below $590/kW h at a 5% discount rate or below $410/kW h at a 10% rate for PHEVs to be cost competitive with HEVs. Carbon allowance prices offer little leverage for improving cost competitiveness of PHEVs. PHEV life cycle costs must fall to within a few percent of HEVs in order to offer a cost-effective approach to GHG reduction.

Life Cycle Assessment of Impacts of PHEVs on GHGs Emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Shu Yi Zhou ◽  
Dong Xiao Niu ◽  
Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Life Cycle Phase ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) model, the paper analyzed the impacts of PHEVs (Plug in hybrid electric vehicle) on GHGs emissions in total life-cycle. To analyze and find out the most decisive life cycle phase with highest impacts, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were adopted to analyze the specific impacts on specific life stage, such as the production phase, use and maintenance phase and disposal phase of vehicle life. The aim was to give a direction for the development of PHEVs (Plug in hybrid electric vehicle) in environmental protection field.

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