A Path loss and Shadow Fading modeling in Various Radio Environment of Seoul City Based on Measurement Data at 5.3GHz and 2.1GHz Bands

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Lim ◽  
Sewoong Kwon ◽  
Youngjoong Yoon ◽  
Jonggwan Yook
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Shadow Fading

scholarly journals Measurement-Based 5G Millimeter-Wave Propagation Characterization in Vegetated Suburban Macrocell Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peize Zhang ◽  
Bensheng Yang ◽  
Cheng Yi ◽  
Haiming Wang ◽  
Xiaohu You
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Angular Spread ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
The Time Domain

An empirically based analysis of propagation characteristics in two vegetated suburban areas with different types and fractions of vegetation cover in 5G millimeter-wave bands is presented. A basic distance-dependent path loss model with a Gaussian random variance for shadow fading is utilized in accordance with the maximum-power directional and omnidirectional measurement data, therein exploiting significant path loss exponents in the presence of vegetation. In comparison with the existing ITU-R and 3GPP models, the effect of dense-leaved trees on path loss prediction is similar to that of buildings, whereas these standard models are inapplicable for sparse obstacle-line-of-sight (OLoS) links. Consequently, an azimuth-angle-based path loss characterization is proposed considering the antenna pattern, beam misalignment, and blockage effects. Moreover, several composite and cluster-level small-scale channel parameters, such as the number of clusters, delay spread, and angular spread, are extracted. Analysis of the first-arrival cluster in the OLoS setting reveals that forward scattering through foliage is still dominant and is expected to produce a larger azimuth angular spread of the arrival and compact multipath components in the time domain compared with line-of-sight and reflected clusters. Measurement results improve existing 3GPP channel models for suburban macrocell scenarios in millimeter-wave bands.

scholarly journals Measurement-Based 5G Millimeter-Wave Propagation Characterization in Vegetated Suburban Macrocell Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peize Zhang ◽  
Bensheng Yang ◽  
Cheng Yi ◽  
Haiming Wang ◽  
Xiaohu You
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Angular Spread ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
The Time Domain

An empirically based analysis of propagation characteristics in two vegetated suburban areas with different types and fractions of vegetation cover in 5G millimeter-wave bands is presented. A basic distance-dependent path loss model with a Gaussian random variance for shadow fading is utilized in accordance with the maximum-power directional and omnidirectional measurement data, therein exploiting significant path loss exponents in the presence of vegetation. In comparison with the existing ITU-R and 3GPP models, the effect of dense-leaved trees on path loss prediction is similar to that of buildings, whereas these standard models are inapplicable for sparse obstacle-line-of-sight (OLoS) links. Consequently, an azimuth-angle-based path loss characterization is proposed considering the antenna pattern, beam misalignment, and blockage effects. Moreover, several composite and cluster-level small-scale channel parameters, such as the number of clusters, delay spread, and angular spread, are extracted. Analysis of the first-arrival cluster in the OLoS setting reveals that forward scattering through foliage is still dominant and is expected to produce a larger azimuth angular spread of the arrival and compact multipath components in the time domain compared with line-of-sight and reflected clusters. Measurement results improve existing 3GPP channel models for suburban macrocell scenarios in millimeter-wave bands.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of map-matching on the accuracy of propagation models

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Neuland ◽  
T. Kürner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Map Matching ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Gps Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Propagation models are very important for the development and deployment of wireless communication networks. They are able to predict the path loss for different propagation conditions, but cannot include all propagation phenomena in detail. This fact leads to variations between predicted and measured field strengths. These variations can be reduced by calibrating some parameters of the propagation models with the help of exact measurement data. However, two problems occur when applying measurement data. On the one hand, the maps used for the prediction have only a limited resolution. On the other hand, the GPS data are erroneous due to the limited GPS accuracy and due to sampling errors. These errors can lead to variations up to 200 m between the measured positions and the possible positions on the road network. Therefore, a map-matching algorithm has to be applied which projects the wrong GPS positions automatically onto the street vectors used for the predictions. Thus, a good basis of data for calibration can be created.

scholarly journals Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chengjian Wang ◽  
Wenli Ji ◽  
Guoxin Zheng ◽  
Asad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Subway Tunnels

In order to meet the higher data transmission rate requirements of subway communication services, the millimeter wave (mmWave) broadband communication is considered as a potential solution in 5G technology. Based on the channel measurement data in subway tunnels, this paper uses ray-tracing (RT) simulation to predict the propagation characteristics of the 28 GHz millimeter wave frequency band in different tunnel scenarios. A large number of simulations based on ray-tracing software have been carried out for tunnel models with different bending radiuses and different slopes, and we further compared the simulation results with the real time measurement data of various subway tunnels. The large-scale and small-scale propagation characteristics of the channel, such as path loss (PL), root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS), and angle spread (AS), for different tunnel scenarios are analyzed, and it was found that the tunnel with a greater slope causes larger path loss and root mean square delay spread. Furthermore, in the curved tunnel, the angle spread of the azimuth angle is larger than that in a straight tunnel. The proposed results can provide a reference for the design of future 5G communication systems in subway tunnels.

A Generic Method for the Reliable Calculation of Large-Scale Fading in an Obstacle-Dense Propagation Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 256-277
Author(s):  
Theofilos Chrysikos ◽  
Stavros Kotsopoulos ◽  
Eduard Babulak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Wireless Channel Modeling

The aim of this chapter is to summarize and present recent findings in the field of wireless channel modeling that provide a new method for the reliable calculation of the statistical parameters of large-scale variations of the average received signal (shadow fading). This algorithm is theoretically based on a path loss estimation model that incorporates losses due to walls and floors. This has been confirmed to be the most precise mathematical tool for average signal strength prediction for various frequencies of interest and propagation environments. The total path loss is estimated as a sum of two independent attenuation processes: free space loss and losses due to obstacles. This solution allows for a direct and reliable calculation of the deviation of the fluctuations of the average received signal in an obstacle-dense environment.

scholarly journals Empirical Path Loss Channel Characterization Based on Air-to-Air Ground Reflection Channel Modeling for UAV-Enabled Wireless Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jatuporn Supramongkonset ◽  
Sarun Duangsuwan ◽  
Myo Myint Maw ◽  
Sathaporn Promwong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Channel Characterization ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work was to investigate the air-to-air channel model (A2A-CM) for unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) enabled wireless communications. Specifically, a low-altitude small UAV needs to characterize the propagation mechanisms from ground reflection. In this paper, the empirical path loss channel characterizations of A2A ground reflection CM based on different scenarios were presented by comparing the wireless communication modules for UAVs. Two types of wireless communication modules both WiFi 2.4 GHz and LoRa 868 MHz frequency were deployed to study the path loss channel characterization between Tx-UAV and Rx-UAV. To investigate the path loss, three types of experimental channel models, such as CM1 grass floor, CM2 soil floor, and CM3 rubber floor, were considered under the ground reflection condition. The analytical A2A Two-Ray (A2AT-R) model and the modified Log-Distance model were simulated to compare the correlation with the measurement data. The measurement results in the CM3 rubber floor scenario showed the impact from the ground reflection at 1 m to 3 m Rx-UAV altitudes both 2.4 GHz and 868 MHz which was converged to the A2AT-R model and related to the modified Log-Distance model above 3 m. It clear that there is no ground reflection effect from the CM1 grass floor and CM2 soil floor. This work showed that the analytical A2AT-R model and the modified Log-Distance model can deploy to model the path loss of A2A-CM by using WiFi and LoRa wireless modules.

scholarly journals An Efficient 3-D Ray Tracing Method: Prediction of Indoor Radio Propagation at 28 GHz in 5G Network

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdous Hossain ◽  
Tan Geok ◽  
Tharek Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Hindia ◽  
Kaharudin Dimyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Ray Tracing Method ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Indoor Radio ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Tracing Method

Millimeter wave technology will be dominating the fifth-generation networks due to the clear advantage of higher frequency bands and hence wider spectrum. In this paper, the indoor radio wave propagation at 28 GHz is studied by developing an efficient three-dimensional ray tracing (ETRT) method. The simulation software based on the ETRT model has been verified by measurement data. The received signal strength indication and path loss have shown significant agreement between simulation and measurement. Compared with the conventional shooting bouncing ray tracing method, the proposed ETRT method has better agreement with measurement data.

scholarly journals Line-of-Sight Obstruction Analysis for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations in a Two-Lane Highway Scenario

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taimoor Abbas ◽  
Fredrik Tufvesson
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Impact

In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) the impact of vehicles as obstacles has largely been neglected in the past. Recent studies have reported that the vehicles that obstruct the line-of-sight (LOS) path may introduce 10–20 dB additional loss, and as a result reduce the communication range. Most of the traffic mobility models (TMMs) today do not treat other vehicles as obstacles and thus cannot model the impact of LOS obstruction in VANET simulations. In this paper the LOS obstruction caused by other vehicles is studied in a highway scenario. First a car-following model is used to characterize the motion of the vehicles driving in the same direction on a two-lane highway. Vehicles are allowed to change lanes when necessary. The position of each vehicle is updated by using the car-following rules together with the lane-changing rules for the forward motion. Based on the simulated traffic a simple TMM is proposed for VANET simulations, which is capable to identify the vehicles that are in the shadow region of other vehicles. The presented traffic mobility model together with the shadow fading path-loss model can take into account the impact of LOS obstruction on the total received power in the multiple-lane highway scenarios.

scholarly journals Fading Characteristics of Wireless Channel on High-Speed Railway in Hilly Terrain Scenario

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Luan ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Limin Xiao ◽  
Chunhui Zhou ◽  
Shidong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Hilly Terrain ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Communication System Design ◽  
Highly Correlated

This paper focuses on the fading characteristics of wireless channel on High-Speed Railway (HSR) in hilly terrain scenario. Due to the rapid speed, the fading characteristics of HSR channel are highly correlated with time or Transmit-Receive distance and have their own special property. To investigate the fading characteristics, the measurement is conducted on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen passenger-dedicated line in China with the speed of 295 km/h in the data-collection area at 2.4 GHz. From the measured data, the amplitude of each path is estimated by using the Subspace-Alternating Generalized Expectation-Maximization (SAGE) algorithm along with other parameters of channel impulse responses. Then the fading parameters, including path loss, shadow fading, andK-factor, are analysed. With the numerical results in the measurement and analysis, the fading characteristics have been revealed and modelled. It is supposed that this work has a promotion for HSR communication system design and improvement.

scholarly journals Analysis on Human Blockage Path Loss and Shadow Fading in Millimeter-Wave Band

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zhao ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Kunfeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Millimeter Wave Band ◽  
Loss Index

Millimeter-wave (Mm-w) is the trend of communication development in the future; users who carry mobile communication equipment could be blocked by others in a crowded population environment. Based on Shooting and Bouncing Ray (SBR) method and setting up different orientation receivers (RX), population density, and people fabric property at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, simulating experimental scene similar to station square by Wireless Insite software, we use least square method to do linear-regression analysis for path loss and build path loss model. The result shows that the path loss index has a certain change in the different frequency, orientation receivers, population density, and people fabric. The path loss index of RouteC1 and RouteA2 has an obvious change in the central transmitter (TX). Each route shadow fading obeys Gaussian distribution whose mean is 0. This paper’s result has a theoretical guiding for designing the communication system in a crowded population environment.

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