Study of Crystal Orientation and Microstructure in Sn-Bi and Sn-Ag-Cu Solder with Thermal Compression Bonding and Mass Reflow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Murayama ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aizawa ◽  
Takashi Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Thermal Compression

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

The Interpretation of Crystal Lattice Images

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Crystal Lattices ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intuitive Interpretation ◽  
Suitable Approximation

The imaging of detailed structures of crystal lattices with 3 to 4Å resolution, given the correct conditions of microscope defocus and crystal orientation and thickness, has been used by Iijima (this conference) for the study of new types of crystal structures and the defects in known structures associated with fluctuations of stoichiometry. The image intensities may be computed using n-beam dynamical diffraction theory involving several hundred beams (Fejes, this conference). However it is still important to have a suitable approximation to provide an immediate rough estimate of contrast and an evaluation of the intuitive interpretation in terms of an amplitude object.For crystals 100 to 150Å thick containing moderately heavy atoms the phase changes of the electron wave vary by about 10 radians suggesting that the “optimum defocus” theory of amplitude contrast for thin phase objects due to Scherzer and others can not apply, although it does predict the right defocus for optimum imaging.

Direct switching of polarization vortex in triangular ferroelectric nanodots: Role of crystal orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Van Lich ◽  
Minh-Tien Le ◽  
Ngoc-Lu Vu ◽  
Hong-Dang Nguyen ◽  
Van-Tuan Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Polarization Vortex

Analysis of DCM extractable components from hot-pressed hybrid poplar

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noridah B. Osman ◽  
Armando G. McDonald ◽  
Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Wood Substrate ◽  
Thermal Compression ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Extractable Compounds ◽  
Soluble Material

Abstract The effects of thermal compression on the organic-soluble material of a uniform wood substrate, hybrid poplar (clone OP-367), has been studied. Poplar veneers were preconditioned to 0% or 8% moisture content and subsequently hot pressed at 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C. The dichloromethane (DCM) extracts were characterized by various hyphenated analyses [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC)]. The yields and composition of extractable compounds were markedly influenced by treatment at 250°C compared to those obtained at lower temperatures. Most importantly, the organic extracts contained a significant portion of lignin-derived compounds after treatment at 250°C.

scholarly journals Crystal Orientation-Dependent Oxidation of Epitaxial TiN Films with Tunable Plasmonics

ACS Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-856
Author(s):  
Ruyi Zhang ◽  
Qian-Ying Ma ◽  
Haigang Liu ◽  
Tian-Yu Sun ◽  
Jiachang Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Tin Films

scholarly journals Analysis and Mapping of Detailed Inner Information of Crystalline Grain by Wavelength-Resolved Neutron Transmission Imaging with Individual Bragg-Dip Profile-Fitting Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5219
Author(s):  
Yosuke Sakurai ◽  
Hirotaka Sato ◽  
Nozomu Adachi ◽  
Satoshi Morooka ◽  
Yoshikazu Todaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Integrated Intensity ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Integrated Intensities ◽  
Pulsed Neutron

As a new method for evaluating single crystals and oligocrystals, pulsed neutron Bragg-dip transmission analysis/imaging method is being developed. In this study, a single Bragg-dip profile-fitting analysis method was newly developed, and applied for analyzing detailed inner information in a crystalline grain position-dependently. In the method, the spectrum profile of a single Bragg-dip is analyzed at each position over a grain. As a result, it is expected that changes in crystal orientation, mosaic spread angle and thickness of a perfect crystal can be evaluated from the wavelength, the width and the integrated intensity of the Bragg-dip, respectively. For confirming this effectiveness, the method was applied to experimental data of position-dependent Bragg-dip transmission spectra of a Si-steel plate consisting of oligocrystals. As a result, inner information of multiple crystalline grains could be visualized and evaluated. The small change in crystal orientation in a grain, about 0.4°, could be observed by imaging the Bragg-dip wavelengths. By imaging the Bragg-dip widths, both another grain and mosaic block in a grain were detected. Furthermore, imaging results of the integrated intensities of Bragg-dips were consistent with the results of Bragg-dip width imaging. These small crystallographic changes have not been observed and visualized by previous Bragg-dip analysis methods.

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