Model-integrated design toolset for polymorphous computer-based systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eames ◽  
T. Bapty ◽  
B. Abbott ◽  
S. Neema ◽  
K. Chhokra
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Design ◽  
Computer Based

Man-Machine Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) Applied to a Computer-Based Procedure-Aiding System

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Hoecker ◽  
Kevin M. Corker ◽  
Emilie M. Roth ◽  
Melvin H. Lipner ◽  
Marilyn S. Bunzo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Procedural Support ◽  
Computerized Procedures ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Intensive Control

Difficult issues in design criteria confront the designers of human—computer interaction (HCI) implementations for future power plant control rooms. Such HCI-intensive control—room elements include “soft” controls and displays, computerized procedures, alarm presentations, and support for cooperative information—sharing among crewmembers. This shift in technology, from dedicated controls and displays in fixed locations to multifunction computer—driven operator workstations and wall displays, must focus not only on the required functionality of these interfaces, but also on their crafting and integration in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of operator error. With the objective of providing early insight into the cognitively error—prone consequences of selected interface dynamics, we are adapting a computer—based cognitive modeling tool, the Man—machine Integrated Design and Analysis System (MIDAS), to quantitatively model certain user requirements for operating different types of interfaces while dealing with high—consequence events in a control room setting. MIDAS was conceived and is being developed as a joint Army/NASA program at the NASA Ames Research Center to test different design approaches to computerizing the cockpits of advanced commercial and military aircraft. This report presents preliminary results from a project to adapt the MIDAS tool to the nuclear control room domain. These results have enabled comparative observation of cognitive loading depending on whether a supervisor uses computerized procedures or paper procedures to direct crew response to a plant trip event. The results suggest that each technology for procedural support, in its current respective implementation, has its own strengths and weaknesses at different points in the control task dialog.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue: Computer-Aided Manufacturing and Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5650
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Seung-Kyum Choi ◽  
Recep M. Gorguluarslan
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Based

Recent advancements in computer technology have allowed designers to have direct control over the production process through the help of computer-based tools, creating the possibility of completely integrated design and manufacturing processes [...]

A Computer-Based Methodology for the Form Synthesis and Optimal Design of Robot Manipulators

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manoochehri ◽  
A. A. Seireg
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Robot Manipulators ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Programming Approach ◽  
Dynamic Synthesis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Integrated Design Process

The study reported in this paper deals with the development of a generalized computer-based methodology for the form synthesis and optimal design of robot manipulators. The developed computer program to implement the methodology operates in two separate modes. The first deals with the synthesis of user defined topologies and in the second mode, the designer provides only the required task, then the program will generate optimum manipulator configuration by systematic evaluation and ranking of plausible alternatives. The methodology simultaneously incorporates kinematic and dynamic synthesis as well as optimal actuation and stress analysis in an integrated design process. The procedure relies on the systematic composition of manipulator configurations from tabulated basic elements. The optimization strategy for synthesis and control utilizes a dynamic programming approach which makes it possible to select the optimum parameters in a stage-wise manner without sacrificing the interactions inherent in such highly coupled nonlinear systems.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

Computer based simulated patient for teaching history-taking

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
HA Brody ◽  
LF Lucaccini ◽  
M Kamp ◽  
R Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Patient ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Computer Based

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Age Norms for Auditory-Perceptual Neurophonetic Parameters: A Prerequisite for the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082
Author(s):  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Elisabet Haas ◽  
Wolfram Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Computer Based

Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380

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