Improving quality attributes of a complex system through architectural analysis-a case study

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Land
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Architectural Analysis

Level of Modularity and Different Levels of System Granularity

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Chiriac ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Dusan Lysy ◽  
Eun Suk Suh
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
System Development ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
System Decomposition ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Real Complex

All complex system development projects involve analysis of the system architecture. Thus far it has been assumed that there is some correct system decomposition that can be used in the architectural analysis without consideration of the sensitivity of the results to the chosen level of decomposition. We represent 88 idealized system architectures and a real complex system as a design structure matrix at two different levels of decomposition. We analyze these architectures for their degree of modularity. We find that the degree of modularity can vary for the same system when the system is represented at the two different levels of granularity. For example, the printing system used in the case study is considered slightly integral at a higher level of decomposition and quite modular at a lower level of decomposition. We further find that even though the overall results can be different depending on the level of decomposition, the direction of change toward more modular or more integral can be calculated the same regardless of the level of decomposition. We conclude that the level of decomposition can distort the results of architectural analysis and care must be taken in defining the system decomposition for any analysis.

scholarly journals Évaluation de degré de défense de l’architecture défensive pré-coloniale en Algérie : cas des villages fortifiés

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohand Oulmas ◽  
Amina Abdessemed-Fouda ◽  
Ángel Benigno González Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The Relationship

Assassing the defensibility of the pre-colonial defensive architecture in Algeria: case study on the medieval fortified villagesAlgeria’s pre-colonial towns of the medieval period still exist in different typologies, ranging from the isolated buildings (forts, castles) and town enclosures to whole urban units (fortified villages, defensives towns). Indeed, the constituent of these fortresses was their defense system, characterized by its large dimension, constituted essentially by the enclosure wall, and architectural features of defensiveness correlated with the outside and the inside of the fortresses. This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between physical landscape, built defensive features and cultural values of the medieval fortified villages in Algeria, two medieval fortified villages in our case “Kalaa of Beni Abbes” in Bejaia and “Kalaa of Beni Rached” in Oran, that we identified as an evolved landscape and interpreted as complex system (both defensive architecture and continuing cultural landscape). This current study consists of quantifying the defensiveness degree of these sites situated within different contexts, in fact, this method ensures to identify the strategy adopted to be protected against different invasions. However, in order to achieve this we calculate a spatial defensiveness index (DI) of these sites. The parameters of our choice are related to the implantation site, the elevation, the visibility and the geometrical shape, which allow us to estimate the defensiveness degree of the defense system of our case studies.

Utilization of adaptive methodology to underpin rail transportation systems: Sydney metro’s methodical formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koorosh Gharehbaghi ◽  
Kerry McManus ◽  
Matt Myers
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Separate Dimension

Purpose As a part of adaptive and complex system thinking, geographic information systems (GIS) are beneficial particularly for transportation projects, where uncertainty is frequent. Accordingly, this paper aims to examine the utilization of GIS in line with adaptive and complex system thinking, as the basis of the methodical formulation of perceived gaps within the integrated transportation planning (ITP) specifically for the mega transportation projects. Such a framework is undertaken, as the mega transportation projects although may seem straightforward, however, are problematic and require more consideration than the traditional triple bottom line factors. Using the Sydney Metro as the case study, the outcome demonstrates the significance of the fourth separate dimension of engineering into the aforementioned bottom-line factors. Design/methodology/approach The research examines the utilization of adaptive and complex system thinking, as the basis of the methodical formulation of perceived gaps within the ITP. The use of Sydney’s Metro project is a novel example of the proposed methodical formulation and its empirical assessment and provides a better understanding of the use of mapping and planning tools for mega transportation projects. Findings Aptly, using the developed conceptual framework, this research further validates the inclusion of a separate engineering dimension with the usual triple bottom line factors. Such inclusion is paramount in responding to the existing ITP gaps found within the current literature. Originality/value This research uses GIS and ITP process to support the aforementioned adaptive and complex system thinking. This, in turn, is used as the basis of a methodical formulation framework in dealing with mega rail transportation infrastructure. To support such a proposition, Sydney Metro is examined as the basis of a case study.

The Problem of Chronic Refugee Communities: Applying Complexity Theory to the Situation Along the Thai–Myanmar Border

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora-Orn Poocharoen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Straussman ◽  
David E. Guinn
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Adaptive Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Intractable long-term or chronic refugee communities present serious challenges to common refugee-management strategies. We argue that they are best understood and managed by using adaptive techniques drawn from complexity theory. To illustrate this strategy, we use the refugee communities situated along the Thai–Myanmar border as a case study. The article outlines the key elements of complexity theory, the complexity lens, for use in analysis of the problem. It then applies the complexity lens to the case study: identifying and describing the actors and networks that compose the complex system of the Thai–My refugees (the complex system) and the dynamic developments within that community over time (dynamic development). Based on this analysis, the article utilizes the complexity lens to evaluate the policy options commonly offered for the management of this ongoing refugee situation.

scholarly journals Using Fisher information to track stability in multivariate systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Ahmad ◽  
Sybil Derrible ◽  
Tarsha Eason ◽  
Heriberto Cabezas
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Fisher Information ◽  
Regime Shift ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Multivariate Systems ◽  
Global Mean

With the current proliferation of data, the proficient use of statistical and mining techniques offer substantial benefits to capture useful information from any dataset. As numerous approaches make use of information theory concepts, here, we discuss how Fisher information (FI) can be applied to sustainability science problems and used in data mining applications by analysing patterns in data. FI was developed as a measure of information content in data, and it has been adapted to assess order in complex system behaviour. The main advantage of the approach is the ability to collapse multiple variables into an index that can be used to assess stability and track overall trends in a system, including its regimes and regime shifts. Here, we provide a brief overview of FI theory, followed by a simple step-by-step numerical example on how to compute FI. Furthermore, we introduce an open source Python library that can be freely downloaded from GitHub and we use it in a simple case study to evaluate the evolution of FI for the global-mean temperature from 1880 to 2015. Results indicate significant declines in FI starting in 1978, suggesting a possible regime shift.

Applying Architectural Analysis for Current Software Systems: A Case Study of KFC and Pizza Hut Online Food Ordering Systems in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 9145-9151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhl Hujainah ◽  
Basheer Al-Haimi ◽  
Abdullah B Nasser ◽  
Amira Hujainah ◽  
Hael Al-Bashiri
Keyword(s):  
Software Systems ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Ordering Systems ◽  
Pizza Hut

scholarly journals What-if Simulation Modeling in Business Intelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 2229-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Golfarelli ◽  
Stefano Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Activity Diagrams ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Past Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vital Factor

Optimizing decisions has become a vital factor for companies. In order to be able to evaluate beforehand the impact of a decision, managers need reliable provisional systems. Though data warehouses enable analysis of past data, they are not capable of giving anticipations of future trends. What-if analysis fills this gap by enabling users to simulate and inspect the behavior of a complex system under some given hypotheses. A crucial issue in the design of what-if applications is to find an adequate formalism to conceptually express the underlying simulation model. In this paper the authors report on how, within the framework of a comprehensive design methodology, this can be accomplished by extending UML 2 with a set of stereotypes. Their proposal is centered on the use of activity diagrams enriched with object flows, aimed at expressing functional, dynamic, and static aspects in an integrated fashion. The paper is completed by examples taken from a real case study in the commercial area.

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