scholarly journals End-to-End Monitoring of Multidimensional User-Level QoS in Audio-Video IP Transmission

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ito ◽  
Shuji Tasaka
Keyword(s):  
End To End ◽  
Audio Video

scholarly journals Regulating Scheduler (RSC): A Novel Solution for IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Network (TSN)

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinoo Joung
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Simple Class ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
End To End ◽  
Fair Scheduler ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Deficit Round Robin

Emerging applications such as industrial automation, in-vehicle, professional audio-video, and wide area electrical utility networks require strict bounds on the end-to-end network delay. Solutions so far to such a requirement are either impractical or ineffective. Flow based schedulers suggested in a traditional integrated services (IntServ) framework are O(N) or O(log N), where N is the number of flows in the scheduler, which can grow to tens of thousands in a core router. Due to such complexity, class-based schedulers are adopted in real deployments. The class-based systems, however, cannot provide bounded delays in networks with cycle, since the maximum burst grows infinitely along the cycled path. Attaching a regulator in front of a scheduler to limit the maximum burst is considered as a viable solution. International standards, such as IEEE 802.1 time sensitive network (TSN) and IETF deterministic network (DetNet) are adopting this approach as a standard. The regulator in TSN and DetNet, however, requires flow state information, therefore contradicts to the simple class-based schedulers. This paper suggests non-work conserving fair schedulers, called ‘regulating schedulers’ (RSC), which function as a regulator and a scheduler at the same time. A deficit round-robin (DRR) based RSC, called nw-DRR, is devised and proved to be both a fair scheduler and a regulator. Despite the lower complexity, the input port-based nw-DRR is shown to perform better than the current TSN approach, and to bind the end-to-end delay within a few milliseconds in realistic network scenarios.

Multicast Routing Protocols, Algorithms and its QOS Extensions

2005 ◽  
pp. 2036-2041
Author(s):  
D. Chakraborty ◽  
G. Chakraborty ◽  
N. Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Audio Video

The advancement in optical fiber and switching technologies has resulted in a new generation of high-speed networks that can achieve speeds of up to a few gigabits per second. Also, the progress in audio, video and data storage technologies has given rise to new distributed real-time applications. These applications may involve multimedia, which require low end-to-end delay. The applications’ requirements, such as the end-to-end delay, delay jitter, and loss rate, are expressed as QoS parameters, which must be guaranteed. In addition, many of these new applications involve multiple users, and hence the importance of multicast communication. Multimedia applications are becoming increasingly important, as networks are now capable of carrying continuous media traffic, such as voice and video, to the end user. When there is a lot of information to transmit to a subset of hosts, then multicast is the best possible way to facilitate it. This article addresses different multicast routing algorithms and protocols. We have also discussed about the QoS multicast routing and conclude this article with mobile multicasting.

Multicast

2002 ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
D. Chakraborty ◽  
G. Chakraborty ◽  
N. Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Audio Video

The advancement in optical fiber and switching technologies has resulted in new generation high-speed networks that can achieve speeds of up to a few gigabits per second. Also, the progress in audio, video and data storage technologies has given rise to new distributed real-time applications. These applications may involve multimedia, which require low end-to-end delay. The applications’ requirements, such as the end-to-end delay, delay jitter, and loss rate, are expressed as QoS parameters that must be guaranteed. In addition, many of these new applications may involve multiple users, and hence the importance of multicast communication. In this chapter we discuss the basics of multicasting, its routing protocols and algorithms, along with different QoS-based multicast routing.

scholarly journals Multi-Modal Residual Perceptron Network for Audio–Video Emotion Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5452
Author(s):  
Xin Chang ◽  
Władysław Skarbek
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Noisy Information ◽  
End To End ◽  
Audio Video

Emotion recognition is an important research field for human–computer interaction. Audio–video emotion recognition is now attacked with deep neural network modeling tools. In published papers, as a rule, the authors show only cases of the superiority in multi-modality over audio-only or video-only modality. However, there are cases of superiority in uni-modality that can be found. In our research, we hypothesize that for fuzzy categories of emotional events, the within-modal and inter-modal noisy information represented indirectly in the parameters of the modeling neural network impedes better performance in the existing late fusion and end-to-end multi-modal network training strategies. To take advantage of and overcome the deficiencies in both solutions, we define a multi-modal residual perceptron network which performs end-to-end learning from multi-modal network branches, generalizing better multi-modal feature representation. For the proposed multi-modal residual perceptron network and the novel time augmentation for streaming digital movies, the state-of-the-art average recognition rate was improved to 91.4% for the Ryerson Audio–Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song dataset and to 83.15% for the Crowd-Sourced Emotional Multi Modal Actors dataset. Moreover, the multi-modal residual perceptron network concept shows its potential for multi-modal applications dealing with signal sources not only of optical and acoustical types.

Dysarthric Sentence Intelligibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mertz Garcia ◽  
Paul A. Dagenais
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Video Presentation ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
Sentence Intelligibility ◽  
Audio Video

This study examined changes in the sentence intelligibility scores of speakers with dysarthria in association with different signal-independent factors (contextual influences). This investigation focused on the presence or absence of iconic gestures while speaking sentences with low or high semantic predictiveness. The speakers were 4 individuals with dysarthria, who varied from one another in terms of their level of speech intelligibility impairment, gestural abilities, and overall level of motor functioning. Ninety-six inexperienced listeners (24 assigned to each speaker) orthographically transcribed 16 test sentences presented in an audio + video or audio-only format. The sentences had either low or high semantic predictiveness and were spoken by each speaker with and without the corresponding gestures. The effects of signal-independent factors (presence or absence of iconic gestures, low or high semantic predictiveness, and audio + video or audio-only presentation formats) were analyzed for individual speakers. Not all signal-independent information benefited speakers similarly. Results indicated that use of gestures and high semantic predictiveness improved sentence intelligibility for 2 speakers. The other 2 speakers benefited from high predictive messages. The audio + video presentation mode enhanced listener understanding for all speakers, although there were interactions related to specific speaking situations. Overall, the contributions of relevant signal-independent information were greater for the speakers with more severely impaired intelligibility. The results are discussed in terms of understanding the contribution of signal-independent factors to the communicative process.

Surgical management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Paweł Skóra ◽  
Jacek Kurcz ◽  
Krzysztof Korta ◽  
Przemysław Szyber ◽  
Tadeusz Andrzej Dorobisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Extracranial Carotid Artery ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
End To End ◽  
Dacron Patch ◽  
Major Stroke

Abstract. Background: We present the methods and results of the surgical management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECCA). Postoperative complications including early and late neurological events were analysed. Correlation between reconstruction techniques and morphology of ECCA was assessed in this retrospective study. Patients and methods: In total, 32 reconstructions of ECCA were performed in 31 symptomatic patients with a mean age of 59.2 (range 33 - 84) years. The causes of ECCA were divided among atherosclerosis (n = 25; 78.1 %), previous carotid endarterectomy with Dacron patch (n = 4; 12.5 %), iatrogenic injury (n = 2; 6.3 %) and infection (n = 1; 3.1 %). In 23 cases, intervention consisted of carotid bypass. Aneurysmectomy with end-to-end suture was performed in 4 cases. Aneurysmal resection with patching was done in 2 cases and aneurysmorrhaphy without patching in another 2 cases. In 1 case, ligature of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was required. Results: Technical success defined as the preservation of ICA patency was achieved in 31 cases (96.9 %). There was one perioperative death due to major stroke (3.1 %). Two cases of minor stroke occurred in the 30-day observation period (6.3 %). Three patients had a transient hypoglossal nerve palsy that subsided spontaneously (9.4 %). At a mean long-term follow-up of 68 months, there were no major or minor ipsilateral strokes or surgery-related deaths reported. In all 30 surviving patients (96.9 %), long-term clinical outcomes were free from ipsilateral neurological symptoms. Conclusions: Open surgery is a relatively safe method in the therapy of ECCA. Surgical repair of ECCAs can be associated with an acceptable major stroke rate and moderate minor stroke rate. Complication-free long-term outcomes can be achieved in as many as 96.9 % of patients. Aneurysmectomy with end-to-end anastomosis or bypass surgery can be implemented during open repair of ECCA.

Reliability of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score in the Management of Peripheral Vascular Injuries in Children: A Retrospective Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mousa ◽  
Ossama M. Zakaria ◽  
Mai A. Elkalla ◽  
Lotfy A. Abdelsattar ◽  
Hamad Al-Game'a
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Vein Graft ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mangled Extremity ◽  
Group I ◽  
End To End

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate different management modalities for peripheral vascular trauma in children, with the aid of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). A single-center retrospective analysis took place between 2010 and 2017 at University Hospitals, having emergencies and critical care centers. Different types of vascular repair were adopted by skillful vascular experts and highly trained pediatric surgeons. Patients were divided into three different age groups. Group I included those children between 5 and 10 years; group II involved pediatrics between 11 and 15 years; while children between 16 and 21 years participated in group III. We recruited 183 children with peripheral vascular injuries. They were 87% males and 13% females, with the mean age of 14.72 ± 04. Arteriorrhaphy was performed in 32%; end-to-end anastomosis and natural vein graft were adopted in 40.5 and 49%, respectively. On the other hand, 10.5% underwent bypass surgery. The age groups I and II are highly susceptible to penetrating trauma (p = 0.001), while patients with an extreme age (i.e., group III) are more susceptible to blunt injury (p = 0.001). The MESS has a significant correlation to both age groups I and II (p = 0.001). Vein patch angioplasty and end-to-end primary repair should be adopted as the main treatment options for the repair of extremity vascular injuries in children. Moreover, other treatment modalities, such as repair with autologous vein graft/bypass surgery, may be adopted whenever possible. They are cost-effective, reliable, and simple techniques with fewer postoperative complication, especially in poor/limited resources.

GANGGUAN BERBAHASA AKIBAT ALAT UCAP PADA ANAK USIA 9 TAHUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salsabila Delaria Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Audio Video

Bahasa anak adalah bahasa yang sangat luas karena pada masa ini anak dibebaskan menyerap semua informasi tanpa ada penyaringan yang bersifat wajib. Banyak orang dewasa yang terpesona melihat kemampuan anak dalam pemerolehan bahasa yang begitu luas. Semua informasi bisa diperoleh anak darimanapun. Akan tetapi dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa, tidak semua anak dapat menerimanya dengan sempurna. Terdapat beberapa anak yang memiliki gangguan berbahasa dalam proses belajarnya. Salah satu penyebab gangguan berbahasa pada anak adalah akibat tidak sempurnanya alat ucap yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini akan membahas penyebab gangguan berbicara pada anak usia 9 tahun akibat alat ucap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memperbaiki gangguan berbahasa yang terjadi akibat alat ucap pada anak. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan objek penelitian fokus kepada anak laki-laki usia 9 tahun yang memiliki gangguan berbahasa. Data yang diteliti berbentuk audio, video beserta transkrip percakapan antara peneliti dan objek sekaligus kawan tutur dalam percakapan tersebut. Adapun hasil penelitiannya yaitu (1) Gangguan berbahasa pada anak usia 9 tahun yang diucapkan oleh alat ucap adalah ketidaksempurnaan pada bagian laringal, (2) Faktor lingkungan juga dapat menentukan bagaimana alat ucap dapat menjadi gangguan atau sebaliknya yang mendukung proses pemerolehan bahasa.

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