An intrinsic reward for affordance exploration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hart
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Reward

An Investigation on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic reward on retention among Gen Y employees in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The data was collected from 113 respondents worked in manufacturing companies located in Seri Kembangan, Selangor using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed both extrinsic and intrinsic reward are the factors influencing retaining Gen Y in manufacturing companies. The discussion on the analysis, limitation of the study, recommendation for future research and conclusion were discussed at the end of this study. In a nutshell, it was proven extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward has contributed to the retention of Gen Y employees.

Religious and Mystical Experiences as Artifacts of Temporal Lobe Function: A General Hypothesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Reinforcement History ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Species Specific

Mystical and religious experiences are hypothesized to be evoked by transient, electrical microseizures within deep structures of the temporal lobe. Although experiential details are affected by context and reinforcement history, basic themes reflect the inclusion of different amygdaloid-hippocampal structures and adjacent cortices. Whereas the unusual electrical coherence allows access to infantile memories of parents, a source of god expectations, specific stimulation evokes out-of-body experiences, space-time distortions, intense meaningfulness, and dreamy scenes. The species-specific similarities in temporal lobe properties enhance the homogeneity of cross-cultural experiences. They exist along a continuum that ranges from “early morning highs” to recurrent bouts of conversion and dominating religiosity. Predisposing factors include any biochemical or genetic factors that produce temporal lobe lability. A variety of precipitating stimuli provoke these experiences, but personal (life) crises and death bed conditions are optimal. These temporal lobe microseizures can be learned as responses to existential trauma because stimulation is of powerful intrinsic reward regions and reduction of death anxiety occurs. The implications of these transients as potent modifiers of human behavior are considered.

scholarly journals Towards High-Level Intrinsic Exploration in Reinforcement Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bougie ◽  
Ryutaro Ichise
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Long Time ◽  
End To End ◽  
High Level

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods traditionally struggle with tasks where environment rewards are sparse or delayed, which entails that exploration remains one of the key challenges of DRL. Instead of solely relying on extrinsic rewards, many state-of-the-art methods use intrinsic curiosity as exploration signal. While they hold promise of better local exploration, discovering global exploration strategies is beyond the reach of current methods. We propose a novel end-to-end intrinsic reward formulation that introduces high-level exploration in reinforcement learning. Our curiosity signal is driven by a fast reward that deals with local exploration and a slow reward that incentivizes long-time horizon exploration strategies. We formulate curiosity as the error in an agent’s ability to reconstruct the observations given their contexts. Experimental results show that this high-level exploration enables our agents to outperform prior work in several Atari games.

scholarly journals AIBPO: Combine the Intrinsic Reward and Auxiliary Task for 3D Strategy Game

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Huale Li ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Xiaohan Hou ◽  
Tao Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Value Network ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Strategy Game ◽  
Sparsity Problem ◽  
Policy Optimization ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) achieves great success in many fields, especially in the field of games, such as AlphaGo, AlphaZero, and AlphaStar. However, due to the reward sparsity problem, the traditional DRL-based method shows limited performance in 3D games, which contain much higher dimension of state space. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an intrinsic-based policy optimization (IBPO) algorithm for reward sparsity. In the IBPO, a novel intrinsic reward is integrated into the value network, which provides an additional reward in the environment with sparse reward, so as to accelerate the training. Besides, to deal with the problem of value estimation bias, we further design three types of auxiliary tasks, which can evaluate the state value and the action more accurately in 3D scenes. Finally, a framework of auxiliary intrinsic-based policy optimization (AIBPO) is proposed, which improves the performance of the IBPO. The experimental results show that the method is able to deal with the reward sparsity problem effectively. Therefore, the proposed method may be applied to real-world scenarios, such as 3-dimensional navigation and automatic driving, which can improve the sample utilization to reduce the cost of interactive sample collected by the real equipment.

Poster #S253 SHOW ME THE MONEY REVISITED: MONETARY REINFORCEMENT VERSUS INTRINSIC REWARD FOR LEARNING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. S181
Author(s):  
Jimmy Choi ◽  
Joanna Fiszdon ◽  
Steven Silverstein ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Monetary Reinforcement

scholarly journals An Affect Misattribution Pathway to Perceptions of Intrinsic Reward

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
N. Pontus Leander ◽  
Aaron C. Kay ◽  
Tanya L. Chartrand ◽  
B. Keith Payne
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Reward

scholarly journals Deriving Subgoals Autonomously to Accelerate Learning in Sparse Reward Domains

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dann ◽  
Fabio Zambetta ◽  
John Thangarajah
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Efficient Exploration

Sparse reward games, such as the infamous Montezuma’s Revenge, pose a significant challenge for Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. Hierarchical RL, which promotes efficient exploration via subgoals, has shown promise in these games. However, existing agents rely either on human domain knowledge or slow autonomous methods to derive suitable subgoals. In this work, we describe a new, autonomous approach for deriving subgoals from raw pixels that is more efficient than competing methods. We propose a novel intrinsic reward scheme for exploiting the derived subgoals, applying it to three Atari games with sparse rewards. Our agent’s performance is comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the usefulness of the subgoals found.

scholarly journals A neural link between affective understanding and interpersonal attraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (16) ◽  
pp. E2248-E2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Anders ◽  
Roos de Jong ◽  
Christian Beck ◽  
John-Dylan Haynes ◽  
Thomas Ethofer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Affective Behavior ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Social Encounters

Being able to comprehend another person’s intentions and emotions is essential for successful social interaction. However, it is currently unknown whether the human brain possesses a neural mechanism that attracts people to others whose mental states they can easily understand. Here we show that the degree to which a person feels attracted to another person can change while they observe the other’s affective behavior, and that these changes depend on the observer’s confidence in having correctly understood the other’s affective state. At the neural level, changes in interpersonal attraction were predicted by activity in the reward system of the observer’s brain. Importantly, these effects were specific to individual observer–target pairs and could not be explained by a target’s general attractiveness or expressivity. Furthermore, using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we found that neural activity in the reward system of the observer’s brain varied as a function of how well the target’s affective behavior matched the observer’s neural representation of the underlying affective state: The greater the match, the larger the brain’s intrinsic reward signal. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that reward-related neural activity during social encounters signals how well an individual’s “neural vocabulary” is suited to infer another person’s affective state, and that this intrinsic reward might be a source of changes in interpersonal attraction.

Mediating effect of work performance and organizational commitment in the relationship between reward system and employees’ work satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrus Taba
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediation effect of work performance and organizational commitment in the relationship between reward system and employees’ work satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The study population constituted all employees/permanent employees (civil servants and non-civil servants) at Bank of BNI, Bank of BRI, Bank of Mandiri, and Bank of South Sulawesi. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis of the research was structural equation modeling. Findings Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the extrinsic reward system and the intrinsic reward system have a direct, significant effect on work performance and organizational commitment, and work performance and also organizational commitment have a direct, significant effect on work satisfaction. On the other hand, the extrinsic reward system and the intrinsic reward system have no direct effect on work performance, but work performance and organizational commitment as mediation variables bridge the relationship between the extrinsic reward system and the intrinsic reward system to work satisfaction. Originality/value Mediation effect (using the Sobel test) of work performance, and organizational commitment in the relationship between Reward Systems on work satisfaction, location of the study (no previous research for this relationship): Bank of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

scholarly journals A neurocomputational model for intrinsic reward

2021 ◽  
pp. JN-RM-0858-20
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chew ◽  
Bastien Blain ◽  
Raymond J Dolan ◽  
Robb B Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Reward
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