Deepening Prose Comprehension by Incremental Free Text Conceptual Graph Mining and Knowledge

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Babour ◽  
Javed I. Khan ◽  
Fatema Nafa
Keyword(s):  
Graph Mining ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Conceptual Graph

A Model for Structured Data Entry Based on Explicit Descriptional Knowledge

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. van Ginneken ◽  
J. van der Lei ◽  
J. H. van Bemmel ◽  
P. W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
User Input ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Quality Assessment

Abstract:Clinical narratives in patient records are usually recorded in free text, limiting the use of this information for research, quality assessment, and decision support. This study focuses on the capture of clinical narratives in a structured format by supporting physicians with structured data entry (SDE). We analyzed and made explicit which requirements SDE should meet to be acceptable for the physician on the one hand, and generate unambiguous patient data on the other. Starting from these requirements, we found that in order to support SDE, the knowledge on which it is based needs to be made explicit: we refer to this knowledge as descriptional knowledge. We articulate the nature of this knowledge, and propose a model in which it can be formally represented. The model allows the construction of specific knowledge bases, each representing the knowledge needed to support SDE within a circumscribed domain. Data entry is made possible through a general entry program, of which the behavior is determined by a combination of user input and the content of the applicable domain knowledge base. We clarify how descriptional knowledge is represented, modeled, and used for data entry to achieve SDE, which meets the proposed requirements.

Structured Reporting of Medical Findings: Evaluation of a System in Gastroenterology

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gaus ◽  
J. G. Wechsler ◽  
P. Janowitz ◽  
J. Tudyka ◽  
W. Kratzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structured Data ◽  
Structured Reporting ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Abdominal Sonography ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Structured Approach

Abstract:A system using structured reporting of findings was developed for the preparation of medical reports and for clinical documentation purposes in upper abdominal sonography, and evaluated in the course of routine use. The evaluation focussed on the following parameters: completeness and correctness of the entered data, the proportion of free text, the validity and objectivity of the documentation, user acceptance, and time required. The completeness in the case of two clinically relevant parameters could be compared with an already existing database containing freely dictated reports. The results confirmed the hypothesis that, for the description of results of a technical examination, structured data reporting is a viable alternative to free-text dictation. For the application evaluated, there is even evidence of the superiority of a structured approach. The system can be put to use in related areas of application.

Automated Coding of Patient Discharge Summaries Using Conceptual Graphs

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burgun ◽  
L. P. Seka ◽  
D. Delamarre ◽  
P. Le Beux
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Automated Coding ◽  
Conceptual Graph ◽  
Discharge Summaries

Abstract:In medicine, as in other domains, indexing and classification is a natural human task which is used for information retrieval and representation. In the medical field, encoding of patient discharge summaries is still a manual time-consuming task. This paper describes an automated coding system of patient discharge summaries from the field of coronary diseases into the ICD-9-CM classification. The system is developed in the context of the European AIM MENELAS project, a natural-language understanding system which uses the conceptual-graph formalism. Indexing is performed by using a two-step processing scheme; a first recognition stage is implemented by a matching procedure and a secondary selection stage is made according to the coding priorities. We show the general features of the necessary translation of the classification terms in the conceptual-graph model, and for the coding rules compliance. An advantage of the system is to provide an objective evaluation and assessment procedure for natural-language understanding.

A General Model of Drug Prescription

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Séné ◽  
I. de Zegher ◽  
C. Milstein ◽  
S. Errore ◽  
F de Rosis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Structured Representation

Abstract:Currently, there is no widely accepted structured representation of drug prescription. Nevertheless, a structured representation is required for entering and storing drug prescriptions avoiding free text in computerized systems, and for drug prescription reviews. Derived from part of the work of the European OPADE project, we describe an object-oriented model of drug prescription which incorporates important concepts such as the phase and triggering event concepts. This model can be used to record all drug prescriptions, including infusions, in a structured way avoiding free text. The phase concept allows the storage of sequentially ordered dosage regimens for a drug within the same prescription. The prescription triggering event concept allows recording of the administration of a drug conditional to dates, symptoms and clinical signs, medical procedures, and everyday life events. This model has been implemented within the OPADE project; the corresponding aspects of the user interface are presented to show how this model can be used in practice. Even if other new attributes may be added to the described objects, the structure of this model is suitable for general use in software which requires the entry, storage and processing of drug prescriptions.

DARR: A Free-text Analysis System for the Automatic Documentation of Radiological Reports

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vaccari ◽  
W. Delaney ◽  
A. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Automatic Documentation ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Software System ◽  
Automatic Translation ◽  
Radiological Report ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Content Processing

A software system for the automatic free-text analysis and retrieval of radiological reports is presented. Such software involves: (1) automatic translation of the specific natural language in a formalized metalanguage in order to transform the radiological report in a »normalized report« analyzable by computer; (2) content processing of the normalized report to select desired information. The approach used to accomplish point (1) is described in detail referring to a specific application.

A Medical Text Analysis System for German - Syntax Analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Pietrzyk
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Free Text ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
Computerized Processing ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
German Syntax

Abstract:Much information about patients is stored in free text. Hence, the computerized processing of medical language data has been a well-known goal of medical informatics resulting in different paradigms. In Gottingen, a Medical Text Analysis System for German (abbr. MediTAS) has been under development for some time, trying to combine and to extend these paradigms. This article concentrates on the automated syntax analysis of German medical utterances. The investigated text material consists of 8,790 distinct utterances extracted from the summary sections of about 18,400 cytopathological findings reports. The parsing is based upon a new approach called Left-Associative Grammar (LAG) developed by Hausser. By extending considerably the LAG approach, most of the grammatical constructions occurring in the text material could be covered.

A Retrieval System for a Library of Pathology Reports, Slides and Kodachromes

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GAYNON ◽  
R. L. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Free Text ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverted File ◽  
Natural Language Parsing ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Frequency Counts

With the objective of providing easier access to pathology specimens, slides and kodachromes with linkage to x-ray and the remainder of the patient’s medical records, an automated natural language parsing routine, based on dictionary look-up, was written for Surgical Pathology document-pairs, each consisting of a Request for Examination (authored by clinicians) and its corresponding report (authored by pathologists). These documents were input to the system in free-text English without manual editing or coding.Two types of indices were prepared. The first was an »inverted« file, available for on-line retrieval, for display of the content of the document-pairs, frequency counts of cases or listing of cases in table format. Retrievable items are patient’s and specimen’s identification data, date of operation, name of clinician and pathologist, etc. The English content of the operative procedure, clinical findings and pathologic diagnoses can be retrieved through logical combination of key words. The second type of index was a catalog. Three catalog files — »operation«, »clinical«, and »pathology« — were prepared by alphabetization of lines formed by the rotation of phrases, headed by keywords. These keywords were automatically selected and standardized by the parsing routine and the phrases were extracted from each sentence of each input document. Over 2,500 document-pairs have been entered and are currently being utilized for purpose of medical education.

A Numerically Coded File of Operative Procedures Derived from a Free Text Data Collection System : A Measure of the Accuracy

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Scudiero ◽  
Ruth L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Collection System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correlation System

A free text data collection system has been developed at the University of Illinois utilizing single word, syntax free dictionary lookup to process data for retrieval. The source document for the system is the Surgical Pathology Request and Report form. To date 12,653 documents have been entered into the system.The free text data was used to create an IRS (Information Retrieval System) database. A program to interrogate this database has been developed to numerically coded operative procedures. A total of 16,519 procedures records were generated. One and nine tenths percent of the procedures could not be fitted into any procedures category; 6.1% could not be specifically coded, while 92% were coded into specific categories. A system of PL/1 programs has been developed to facilitate manual editing of these records, which can be performed in a reasonable length of time (1 week). This manual check reveals that these 92% were coded with precision = 0.931 and recall = 0.924. Correction of the readily correctable errors could improve these figures to precision = 0.977 and recall = 0.987. Syntax errors were relatively unimportant in the overall coding process, but did introduce significant error in some categories, such as when right-left-bilateral distinction was attempted.The coded file that has been constructed will be used as an input file to a gynecological disease/PAP smear correlation system. The outputs of this system will include retrospective information on the natural history of selected diseases and a patient log providing information to the clinician on patient follow-up.Thus a free text data collection system can be utilized to produce numerically coded files of reasonable accuracy. Further, these files can be used as a source of useful information both for the clinician and for the medical researcher.

Patient feedback on a new method of consulting with the GP; an analysis of responses by users of online triage software

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X696773
Author(s):  
Abi Eccles ◽  
Mike Hopper ◽  
Helen Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Free Text ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Online Consultation ◽  
Patient Feedback ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Feedback Data

BackgroundOnline triage software is a new way to triage patients online that allows patients to describe their problem via an online form. A GP then contacts the patient to arrange either a face-to-face or telephone consultation.AimThis study aimed to explore use of online consultation software and gain insight into patients’ experiences of using online consultations, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to use.MethodThis is a mixed methods retrospective study analysing data about patient users and their associated feedback. Data from a sample of 5591 patients were quantitatively analysed to describe characteristics of users. 576 out of the 5591 users left free-text feedback comments on their experience of use. These were thematically analysed.ResultsThe highest levels of use were observed in 25–35-year olds and lowest from those aged >65. Key themes identified included convenience, consultation quality, appropriateness, resource-use and functionality. Within each, a range of subthemes were present representing both positive and negative perceptions, suggesting that experiences of using online triage varied and were often context-dependentConclusionThere are various advantages to online triage software, but these are context-dependent. Therefore, such applications should be offered as an additional way to contact the GP surgery, rather than a replacement for more established methods, to ensure appropriate and equal access for patients.

Quantifying empathy levels among UK undergraduate medical students: an online survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711293
Author(s):  
Sarah Garnett ◽  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Beth Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundEmpathy is a key health care concept and refers to care that incorporates understanding of patient perspective’s, shared decision making, and consideration of the broader context in which illness is experience. Evidence suggests experiences of doctor empathy correlate with improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction. It has also been linked to job satisfaction, and mental wellbeing for doctors. To date, there is a paucity of evidence on empathy levels among medical students. This is critical to understand given that it is a key point at which perceptions and practices of empathy in the longer term might be formed.AimTo quantify the level of empathy among UK undergraduate medical studentsMethodAn anonymised cross-sectional online survey was distributed to medical students across three universities. The previously validated Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to quantify empathy. The survey also collected information on age, sex, ethnicity, year of medical school training and included a free-text box for ‘any other comments’.ResultsData analysis is currently underway with high response rates. Mean empathy scores by age, sex, year of study and ethnic group are presented. A correlation analysis will examine associations between age and year of study, and mean empathy sores.ConclusionThese data will help to provide a better understanding of empathy levels to inform the provision of future empathy training and medical school curriculum design. Given previous evidence linking experiences of empathy to better health outcomes, the findings may also be significant to future patient care

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