Electromagnetic Wave Effect on Human Health: Challenges for Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface O. Anyaka ◽  
Udochukwu B. Akuru
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Wave Effect

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

Water Quality and Health

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kreisel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Minimum Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Guidelines

Water quality can affect human health in various ways: through breeding of vectors, presence of pathogenic protozoa, helminths, bacteria and viruses, or through inorganic and organic chemicals. While traditional concern has been with pathogens and gastro-intestinal diseases, chemical pollutants in drinking-water supplies have in many instances reached proportions which affect human health, especially in cases of chronic exposure. Treatment of drinking-water, often grossly inadequate in developing countries, is the last barrier of health protection, but control at source is more effective for pollution control. Several WHO programmes of the International Drinking-Water Supply and Sanitation Decade have stimulated awareness of the importance of water quality in public water supplies. Three main streams have been followed during the eighties: guidelines for drinking-water quality, guidelines for wastewater reuse and the monitoring of freshwater quality. Following massive investments in the community water supply sector to provide people with adequate quantities of drinking-water, it becomes more and more important to also guarantee minimum quality standards. This has been recognized by many water and health authorities in developing countries and, as a result, WHO cooperates with many of them in establishing water quality laboratories and pollution control programmes.

Environmental and Health Implications of Plastic Pollution

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-58
Author(s):  
Toqeer Ahmed ◽  
Hassaan Fayyaz Khan Sipra
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Human Health Impacts

Plastic pollution is one of the prime and alarming issues in developing countries that has vast environmental and human health impacts which need to be addressed as a priority. Unfortunately, limited work has been done on the topic, especially on air and water pollution due to plastics in Pakistan. Informal solid waste management is being done by municipalities, which is not adequate, and the problem will increase with the upsurge in population and industrialization. There is a need to address the knowledge gap and improvements in the existing conditions to manage the issue of plastic pollution separately. In this chapter, causes; impacts of plastic pollution both on human and environmental health, plastic industries, and legislative context; and best practices to manage plastic pollution along with some important recommendations are discussed. It is expected the data presented may help the managers, environmental scientists, and policymakers to manage the problem of plastic pollution.

Status of Electronic Waste Management in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-250
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Koli ◽  
Athar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Informal Recycling ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Global Issue

Electronics waste is becoming a major global issue. Huge accumulation of e-waste and its recycling through primitive means for extraction of precious metals are a real concern in the developing countries due to the presence of hazardous materials in e-waste. The major portion of e-waste generated domestically as well as illegally imported is recycled in a crude manner leading to pollution of the environment. Current practices of e-waste management in India encounters many challenges like the difficulty in inventorization, ineffective regulations, pathetic and unsafe conditions of informal recycling, poor awareness of consumers, and reluctance on part of stakeholders to address the issues. As a result, toxic materials enter waste stream with no special precautions to avoid the known adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Resources are wasted when economically valuable materials are dumped. This chapter highlights the hazards caused due to improper handling of e-wastes and also describes some appropriate measures to be adopted for its management and safe disposal.

scholarly journals Ambient air quality in an urban area and its effects on plants and human beings: a case study of Tiruchirappalli, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin M Horaginamani ◽  
M Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Though water and land pollution is very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities, due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. Air pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people globally, especially in urban areas of developing countries like India. All these in turn lead to an increase in the air pollution levels and have adverse effects on the health of people and plants. Western countries have conducted several studies in this area, but there are only a few studies in developing countries like India. A study on ambient air quality in Tiruchirappalli urban area and its possible effects selected plants and human health has been undertaken, which may be helpful to bring out possible control measures. Keywords: ambient air quality; respiratory disorders; APTI; human health DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4007Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.13-19

scholarly journals A review of climate change in South East Asian Countries and human health: Impacts, vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuji Upekshika Gamage ◽  
Dess Pearson ◽  
Fahad Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Climate Risks

Climate Change (CC) is one of the most significant global environmental challenges humanity has faced. The most dominant causative factors due to human activity are emissions of greenhouse-gasses (GHG) from the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation of natural rain forests. Although CC has a global impact, developing countries in the South East Asian Region (SEAR) would be more vulnerable to the effects as growth, development, poverty and health of these countries will be severely affected. The key ill-effects include increasing global average temperatures, the rise in sea levels, changes in eco-systems, and adverse impacts on human health. Rising sea levels threatens coastal cities; changes to the monsoon rainfall and a significant reduction in agricultural output are among some of the climate risks these countries will have to face. CC would compromise the essential prerequisites for good health; safe water, secure shelter, and food security and aggravate health risk through emerging and re-emerging diseases and spread of infectious diseases. Health-focused investments in climate actions remain weak and countries should focus on implementing health systems, while targeting for universal health coverage. The growth rate for Asian economies has risen over the past decade and this has led to steady emission increase. India and Indonesia are amongst the top ten emitters while others remain small emitters. Efforts are needed to limit the temperature increase to minimize adverse effects, which will require deep de-carbonization by both developed and developing countries, through an integrated portfolio of mitigation and adaptive strategies, which will be abide by UNFCCC common but differentiated approach.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 3-10

scholarly journals Environmental and Health Impacts of Electronic Waste: A Global Concern!!

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV4
Author(s):  
Anuja Prabhakar ◽  
Romi Nayyar ◽  
PK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Global Concern

Electronic waste, commonly referred as e-waste, is waste generated from discarded waste from an alarming number of electronic components which contains toxic substances affecting human health and the environment across the globe. In India, it is of extreme significance as its huge production uses more electronic materials and thus, dumps a significant amount of  e-waste simultaneously. India is still lacking suitable infrastructure and methods is proper recycling and disposal. This review is an overview of current scenario in the developing countries, India and other countries  depicting the magnitude of environmental and health hazards associated with improper recycling and disposal methods.

scholarly journals Capacity Building for Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Improve Food Security

Introduction:Agricultural biotechnology holds a unique position in formulating food and trade policies due to its conflicting aspects: its potential to improve food security especially in developing countries, and the intense debates over its risks and unknown impacts on human health and the environment. Agricultural biotechnology, nevertheless, has been widely utilized to help enhance food security with its extensive applications.Explanation:The technology is knowledge-resource intensive, therefore reinforcing a gap between developed and developing countries. One of the critical determinants of availability and accessibility of the technology is a developing country’s own capacity. Developing countries that wish to benefit the technology should build sufficient capacity. The current study intends to review the concepts of capacity building in agricultural biotechnology, and identify areas frequently considered in need of capacity building; coordinating partnerships, making financial commitment, setting priorities, establishing a regulatory system, and building public awareness.Conclusion:While each area has its own territory, they juxtapose on one another to some extends, which can act as a virtuous or vicious cycle to facilitate or obstruct capacity building. Programs for successful capacity building in agricultural biotechnology should consider this nature.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity of Plastics from Informal Waste Electric and Electronic Treatment and Recycling

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Butturi ◽  
Simona Marinelli ◽  
Rita Gamberini ◽  
Bianca Rimini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Informal Recycling ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Impact

Plastic materials account for about 20% of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The recycling of this plastic fraction is a complex issue, heavily conditioned by the content of harmful additives, such as brominated flame retardants. Thus, the management and reprocessing of WEEE plastics pose environmental and human health concerns, mainly in developing countries, where informal recycling and disposal are practiced. The objective of this study was twofold. Firstly, it aimed to investigate some of the available options described in the literature for the re-use of WEEE plastic scraps in construction materials, a promising recycling route in the developing countries. Moreover, it presents an evaluation of the impact of these available end-of-life scenarios on the environment by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In order to consider worker health and human and ecological risks, the LCA analysis focuses on ecotoxicity more than on climate change. The LCA evaluation confirmed that the plastic re-use in the construction sector has a lower toxicity impact on the environment and human health than common landfilling and incineration practices. It also shows that the unregulated handling and dismantling activities, as well as the re-use practices, contribute significantly to the impact of WEEE plastic treatments.

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