An Information-Based Perception Model for Agent-Based Crowd and Egress Simulation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaisagh Viswanathan T. ◽  
Michael Lees
Keyword(s):  
Agent Based ◽  
Perception Model ◽  
Egress Simulation

Egress Simulation Incorporating Social Relationships by Using Scalar Field Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 1313-1316
Author(s):  
Jie Shi Fang ◽  
Sherif El-Tawil
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Stochastic Characteristics ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Egress Simulation

Research on human evacuation is heavily dependent on simulation. However, many of the models developed to date lack realism because of their inability to adequately simulate social relationships. In order to create a better tool for studying human response during evacuation, an agent-based model is proposed based upon a new technique termed Scalar Field Method (SFM). Drawing on analogy to a charged particle in an electromagnetic field, both human will and social relationships are converted into virtual potential energies (VPEs) to simulate the interactions that occur between an agent and its surrounding entities. Each agent has stochastic characteristics, is independent and makes autonomous decisions on behavior by minimizing the VPE. Preliminary tests show the ability of the new model to mimic reasonable evacuation behavior, and its potential for exploring the significance of social relationships during egress.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

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